The period of a pendulum Essays

The period of a pendulum Essays The period of a pendulum Paper The period of a pendulum Paper In this investigation, I will be looking at which factors affect the period (The time for one complete cycle, a left swing and a right swing) of a pendulum (a weight that dangles from a pivot so that it can swing freely). I will do this by tying a metal bob to a length of spring and dropping it from a certain height and measuring the time it takes to complete an oscillation, changing a variable for each of my preliminary investigations. Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Variables Length of String (continuous) Period of the pendulum (continuous) Diameter of Bob Type of Bob Angle bob dropped from Person stopping stopwatch Person dropping bob Height Bob is dropped from Preliminary Investigations Preliminary One: Length of Strong Results Table Time of Period (seconds) Length of String Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Ranges Averages (mean) 10cm   68 According to my graph, there is a positive correlation between the period of a pendulum and the length of string, meaning that as the length of the string increases, the period increases as well. The gradient of this graph is 0.9879. This would be ideal for my main investigation as there is a noticeable relationship between the length of string and period. Preliminary Two: Angle Metal Bob is dropped from Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Variables Angle from which the bob is dropped from(continuous) Period of the pendulum (continuous) Diameter of Bob Type of Bob Same person dropping bob Same person stopping stopwatch Height bob is dropped from Results Table Time of Period (seconds) Angle Bob is dropped from Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Ranges Averages (mean) 90i This graph clearly shows a negative correlation between the period of a pendulum and the angle from which the bob was dropped. This shows that as the angle decreases, the time it takes to complete one full oscillation increases. The gradient of this graph is 0. 8847. Although this can be considered for my main investigation, the gradient of this graph is shallower than the gradient of the first preliminary, meaning that my first preliminary is likely to give me more noticeable results than this preliminary. Preliminary Three: Diameter of Bob Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Variables Diameter of Bob (continuous) Period of the Pendulum (continuous) Type of Bob Length of string Angle bob is dropped from Same person dropping bob Same person stopping stopwatch Height bob is dropped from Results Table Time of Period (seconds) Diameter of Bob Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Ranges Averages (mean) 13mm. 27 This graph also shows a positive correlation between variable and the period of the pendulum, meaning that as the diameter is increased, the time it takes the pendulum to complete one oscillation also increases. The gradient of the line of best fit on this graph is 1. This preliminary has yielded results that has a steeper gradient than my first preliminary, which means this is also ideal for my main investigation. Preliminary Four: Type of Bob Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Variables Type of Bob (discontinuous). Period of the pendulum (continuous) Diameter of Bob Length of string Angle bob is dropped from Same person dropping bob Same person stopping the stopwatch Height Bob is dropped from Results Table Time of Period (seconds) Type of Bob Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Ranges Averages (mean) Iron 21 According to this graph, there is a positive correlation between the type of bob used and period. The gradient of this graph is 0. 9143. This gradient falls behind the Length of String and Diameter of Bob gradients, so its unlikely that I will use this for my main investigation, also, in terms of practicality, there wasnt a large variety of materials to choose from. Main Investigation: Length of String I decided to choose Length of String for my investigation, because, my results for that preliminary had the one of most noticeable relationships between the independent and the dependent variable as well as the fact that there were no outliers. I didnt choose Type of Bob, because Type of Bob is an example of a discrete independent variable, in that it doesnt have a numerical value that can be plotted on a graph. As well as this, even though there does appear to be a relationship between Type of Bob and the period, there was another independent variable which was changed, which was the mass of each bob. Although Diameter of Bob was also ideal to be tested in my main investigation, it lost out to Length of String simply because there was not a wide enough range of metal bobs that were made of the same material but had different diameter. So, although I predict it wouldve yielded noticeable results, Length of String is more practical to do, as well as the fact that the length of the string is easy to manipulate. Independent Variable Dependent Variable Control Variables Length of String (continuous) Period of the pendulum (continuous) Diameter of Bob Type of Bob Angle bob dropped from Person stopping stopwatch Person dropping bob Height Bob is dropped from Equipment Why Measure of Accuracy Nine different lengths of string To tie metal bob to and investigate Nearest centimetre Centimetres: Millimetres Clamp Stand To hold the pivot and the pendulum N/A. Metre stick To accurately measure out the correct lengths for the pieces of string Nearest millimetre Centimetres: Millimetres Scissors To cut the string as precisely as possible N/A Protractor To measure the angle from which the bob is to be dropped from Nearest degreei 19mm Iron bob The pendulum to swing from the pivot N/A Digital Stopwatch To accurately measure the amount of time the plant tissue soaks in the solutions for Hours:Minutes:Seconds:Milliseconds Method 1. Collect all required equipment. 2. Measure out each length of string to be used in the investigation, leaving an 8cm excess to allow for knot tying. 3. Tie bob to length of string to be tested securely 4. Set up clamp stand on the edge of the table to allow room for the pendulum 5. The person in charge of dropping the bob holds it up taut so that the bob is parallel to the clamp stand, or the length of string is perpendicular to the clamp stand and checks that the angle is 90i with the protractor. 6. Person in charge of the stopwatch signals when to drop the bob and measures the period with the stopwatch 7. Third person records results in a table 8. Retrial each length five times so as to that the results are as accurate as possible. Time of Period (seconds) Length of String Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Trial 5 Ranges Averages (mean) PE 10cm 01. 90 Results Pendulum Equation (PE): Time of Period=2? Interpretation: On the graph, there is positive correlation, according to my line of best fit. It appears as though the longer the string, the more time it takes for the bob to complete its oscillation. This can be explained because when the bob swings, it swings from a high position to its lowest position (the midpoint of the swing, also where the bob will come to rest when it reaches dynamic equilibrium). The change in height is caused by Earths gravitational acceleration or the change in velocity over time caused by gravity acting on the bob. If the length of the string is longer, the distance to swing from the highest point to lowest will be greater (as the distance travelled is the length of an arc, we can calculate the length of the arc using the equation 2? r x ? /360, where ? is the angle from which the bob was dropped from), therefore it would take a longer amount of time to fall to lowest point of the swing. Of course, gravity isnt the only factor that affects the period, other forces such as air resistance and friction help to eventually slow down the bob, and the mass of the string, although slight, affects the force needed to swing the pendulum back and forth. Evaluation The main investigation went well, however there are many areas which could be improved in order to get more accurate results. For example, the method wasnt very reliable because quite a few aspects of the investigation had to be carried out by humans, as well as the fact that the results which were recorded down were up to the judgement of the person who controlled the stopwatch when the bob completed its oscillation. This means that some of the results could be off by a few milliseconds or even seconds. Despite this, my group did try to keep the results as reliable as possible by making sure the same person was used to control the stopwatch and drop the bob, so that the factor of different peoples reaction times were limited. I could improve my experiment by:   Using a computer and a laser to release and measure the bob, for instance, if at its starting the point, the bob was intercepting a laser/beam of light, so that when it was dropped, the computer could measure the time it takes for the bob to re-intercept the beam again, i. e. complete its oscillation completely. Using a lighter sturdier form for the pendulum shaft instead of string, as the string had a tendency to bend throughout the oscillation, which couldve affected the results   Have a release that was positioned parallel to the clamp stand so that the angle from which the bob was dropped from each time was the same * Having a way to hook the pendulum length/string to the clamp and the bob without having to tie knots so the length of the string that would swing was more accurate Other than that, I believe my equipment was as accurate as I needed them to be, so I wouldnt change any of the equipment I was using to carry out the experiment. I think that my results are reliable because the range bars are all relatively small on my graph, however in comparison to the Pendulum Equation; the results are too big and are in turn not scientifically accurate. Ive calculated the average difference between my Averages and the Pendulum Equation line and have found it to be up to 0. 4 of a second in difference. In conclusion, I believe that the length of string does affect the period of a pendulum, despite the inaccuracy of my results as my investigation proved that this factor still theoretically affects it.

Success and Failure of Intelligence essay

Success and Failure of Intelligence essay Success and Failure of Intelligence essay Success and Failure of Intelligence essayHistorically, intelligence played an important part in military operations and wars. However, intelligence operations may have not only positive but also negative effects on military operations as well as the balance of power between opposing parties. At this point, it is possible to refer to the experience of the US and allies’ intelligence during World War II, when the intelligence suffered both successes and failures. In this regard, it is possible to refer to the case of the failure of the US intelligence to foresee the attack of the Japanese on Pearl Harbor and the success of the allies’ intelligence in uncovering the way to crack Enigma, German encryption system used in the communication of Germans. These two cases reveal the full extent to which the intelligence operations may be influential and affect outcomes of large scale military conflicts. On the other hand, the revelation of the failure of the US intelligence in Pe arl Harbor shows the importance of the intelligence as the agency that can foresee and prevent large scale military operations and failures of the national defense system. Therefore, successes and failures of the intelligence show that the intelligence plays an important part in military operations, wars as well as socio-political development of nations and the effective performance of intelligence can help nations to take a stronger position in the competitive struggle between nations and international relations.The failure of the US intelligence in Pearl Harbor is a well-known fact as well as the cracking of Enigma is a renowned success of the allies’ intelligence. However, from the scientific point of view, the failure or success of the intelligence should be grounded on the revelation of facts and evidence that prove that the particular intelligence operation. In this regard, to determine whether the particular intelligence operation was a success or failure, it is possib le to elaborate criteria which mark the success of the intelligence operation. Criteria of the successful intelligence operation include several key elements (Cook, 2006). First, the intelligence operation is successful, if it has caused harms to the enemy. In fact, the ultimate goal of the intelligence operation is obtaining the target information or completion of the target action successfully that will directly or indirectly harm the enemy. For instance, even if the intelligence operation does not lead to the destruction of the enemy infrastructure, but helps to reveal certain information about the enemy’s infrastructure, then the intelligence will weaken the position of the enemy because the party conducting the military operation will know weak points in the defense line of the enemy.Second, the intelligence operation is successful, if it was conducted safely for agents and other stakeholders involved in the operation. The safety of agents is very important because, firs t, the intelligence agency has to invest funds into training of its agents that means that the loss of agents is costly. Second, the loss of agents weakens the position of the intelligence that naturally cannot be the marker of success of the military operation. Therefore, the safety of agents is definitely the evidence of the success of the intelligence operation.Third, the intelligence operation is successful, if it allows saving life of soldiers and civilians of the party that conducts the intelligence operation or those of its allies. One of the primary goals of any intelligence operation is the safety of soldiers and civilians. The protection of soldiers and civilians and enhancement of their security proves that the intelligence operation is successful.Fourth, the intelligence operation is successful, if it contributes to saving facilities, infrastructure, military equipment and other items essential for the successful military operations of the party conducting the intelligen ce operation. The protection of facilities and infrastructure is another priority of intelligence operations, especially, if they are conducted during the wartime. If intelligence operations secure the infrastructure and facilities of the party that conducts the intelligence operation then such intelligence operation is definitely successful.Fifth, the intelligence operation is successful, if its outcomes have a generally positive effect on the particular military conflict and balance of powers of parties involved in the war. Intelligence operations conducted during the wartime should have the long-lasting positive effects and bring positive impact on the position of the military of the party conducting the intelligence. In fact, truly successful intelligence operations may have the determinant effect on the development of military conflicts and large scale wars.Sixth, the successful intelligence operation remains unnoticed for the enemy until harmful effects of the operation become obvious or even after the end of the military conflict. The intelligence traditionally operates secretly. Therefore, if operations of the intelligence agency are uncovered, then they failed, while, on the contrary, if the enemy and public fails to notice the intelligence operation, then such operation is successful.The major success of the intelligence during World War II was cracking Enigma, German cryptographic system, which they used for radio and data transmission during the war. The operation was conducted by international intelligence forces, including Polish, French, American and British professionals. They coordinated their actions and the intelligence agencies of the allies collaborated to crack Enigma. At this point, it is worth mentioning the fact that the Enigma machine based its cipher capabilities on a series of wired rotor wheels and a plugboard. Through a web of internal wiring, each of the 26 input contacts on the rotor were connected to a different output contact. The wiring connections of one rotor differed from the connections on any other rotor (Cornwell, 2008). Additionally, each rotor had a moveable placement notch found on an outer ring. The notch forced the rotor to its left to step one place forward. This notch could be moved to a different point on the rotor by rotating the outer ring. The Germans followed a daily list, known as a key list, to indicate where the notch should be placed each day (Cornwell, 2008). Theoretically, Enigma was considered to be extremely difficult to crack. Researchers (Cornwell, 2008) estimate that the Germans believed the encryption generated by the machine to be unbreakable. With a theoretical number of ciphering possibilities of 3 X 10114, their belief was not unjustified.Cracking Enigma was the results of the Polish breakthrough combined with a German traitor provided by the French that resulted in the major success against Enigma, since the British and Americans became able to expand their findings in to breaking Enigma as well as even more resilient German Navy encryption. In this regard, it is worth mentioning the fact that the Navy played the key part in the national security of the UK because the breakthrough of the Navy defense line would lead to the opening the way for landing the German army in the UK.The operation was conducted safely and did not cause casualties among the allies involved in the operation. In fact, all participants of the operations and agents remained safe and were not vulnerable to any prosecution or attacks from the part of Germans. They had managed to complete the intelligence operation successfully without being uncovered by the enemy. This is why the operation conducted by the allies’ intelligence to crack Enigma was successful. At the same time, it is important to place emphasis on the fact that the intelligence operation on cracking Enigma involved the large scale cooperation of agents and intelligence agencies internationally. The intellig ence operation involved professionals from Poland, France, the UK and the US and even a German traitor. Therefore, the operation involved a large number of people that apparently increased the risk of its failure because the more there are people involved in the intelligence operation the higher is the risk of the failure of the operation. In case of the intelligence operation on cracking Enigma all professionals working on the operation had managed to survive and remained undiscovered by the enemy. This is why this operation was apparently successful.\Success and Failure of Intelligence   essay 2

Marketing (brand management question) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing (brand management question) - Essay Example A classic example will be DHL. This company won the Platinum Award (Airfreight / Courier Service category) in the Superbrand 2005. Its brand statement is to enhance the customers' businesses by offering express delivery and logistics solutions based on strong local expertise combined with a vast global network. They keep to their words and thus winning glory in the industry. Different from the business markets, consumer markets will need more product features and advertising for their product. The audience for consumer markets branding involve the general public, in which the variance of needs and desires are greater than a business markets. Dell Computer is the example of this category of branding. It manages to position itself as a customize personal computer provider. This is collaborated by its successful supply chain management which makes it its brand identity. A "branded house" means a company which itself is a brand. The products come under this company will be the subset of the main brand. In branding, it gains level of acceptance and importance in short time due to the previous identification with the parent brand. Take for example, Hewlett Packard. This brand name covers products from laptops, desktops, Palmtops to even printers. All the products carry the same brand HP though they have names and are under different product category. It enters the market of palm tops easily despite the effort by Palm Plc. In contrary to that, a "house of brand" would be a company that markets a range of brands. A classic will be the Procter and Gamble (P&G). It comprises a lot of brands from different product categories such as Duracell the battery, Pantene the shampoo, Olay the beauty products, Mr. Clean the household cleaner, Braun the oral care products and many more. 3. Discuss the risks and benefit of brand extension. Research detailed examples of each. The benefit for a company to use a successful for brand extension could help it to enter a new product category. Examples are like the Fairy brand (Unilever) which extended from washing up liquid to washing powder and Lucozade which extends from a children's health drink to sports drink. This brought advantages to the company as it does not post doubt on the customers which presume the product as a newly launched products. It sustains the trust on a single brand to an extended product under the same brand. However, a failure in doing so could cause damage. Firstly, it is the dilution effect of the brand by products. The example is like when people talk about Fairy, it is not just only a washing liquid anymore. Secondly, it posts difficulties to connect with the parent brand names. Imagine if Colgate is marketing a candy product. It will be a disaster to the brand as the messages from the brand is inconsistent. 4. Discuss factors involved in successful brand differentiation. The key factors that could drive a successful brand differentiation are Desire for sustainable brand differentiation The company and its employees would need to have the same vision on brand differentiation as both are involve in making the strategy a success. Without management support or

Week 5 posts 8000 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Week 5 posts 8000 - Essay Example Nursing is a very comprehensive field and considering they are paramedics, your master’s knowledge surpasses their levels of certification. On your second issue, you have elaborated on the high cost of nursing programs. You have compared several programs with those of similar if not lesser quality and the duration and cost that you might find unnecessary. My recommendation would be, keep your confidence on attainment of higher standards as it increases on your information on nursing. Thanks for your informative post on this week’s discussion topic. I agree that ethics assist in knowing what is wrong and what is right. In healthcare, since you are dealing with patients and their well-being integrity is an essential matter. According to Hamric, Spross, and Hanson, (2009) a nurse should learn to keep secrets, suffer and struggle. This is all to the goodwill of the patient. You have also added that ethical conflicts in the healthcare sector can arise from professional interactions, research, gender, pain, or even life issues. This is evident as the nurse’s advance in their careers. A solution to this problem you have added would be a nurse attaining a DNP. This equips them with skills to handle medical dilemma. However, you have said that they are also in a dilemma with pain management and end life crisis. You have given an example of a dialysis patient with a stroke and how the hospital went about it. The inclusion of the various professionals to explain to the family on steps to take, elaborate on ethics in the hospital. Also in the diabetic patient, it is well

Argumentative Essay Essay Example for Free

Argumentative Essay Essay In America there are so many people who live without healthcare. President Obama has tried hard to change that known fact by introducing and passing his new Obama Care Act. It is very important for people to have proper healthcare coverage, medical care, affordable medications, and for all healthcare services to be available to everyone, whether they are poor, middle class or rich. For most Americans, high quality care generally is readily accessible without long waits but at high cost. However, the uninsured and, increasingly, the underinsured, the poor, and members of underserved minorities often have poor access to health care and poor health outcomes. The health workforce is well trained, yet the United States faces a severe shortage of primary care physicians. Approximately 45% of the U.S. population has a chronic medical condition, and about 60 million people, half of these, have multiple chronic conditions; the CDC estimated these numbers during a recent survey. 2 Most Americans 250 million (84.2%) have some form of health insurance coverage. But an estimated 47 million Americans (15.8%) were uninsured for a year, as reported for 2006 by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. A survey by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that 43.6 million people (14.8%) of all ages were uninsured at the time of the National Health Expenditure Survey interview in 2006. However, as many as 89.5 million people under the age of 65 years lacked health insurance for a least 1 month or more during 2006-2007, according to a study by Lewin and associates published by Families USA. In addition, another 16 million people can be  considered underinsured. People without health insurance are much less likely than those with insurance to receive recommended preventive services and medications, are less likely to have access to regular care by a personal physician, and are less able to obtain needed health care services. Consequently, the uninsured are more likely to succumb to preventable illnesses, more likely to suffer complications from those illnesses, and more likely to die prematurely. The U.S. health care system has much potential for improvement. Disparities related to race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status has pervaded the U.S. health care system. In addition to the large numbers of Americans who lack adequate health insurance, the cost, quality, and utilization of health care services vary widely. Meanwhile, the need for long term care services and care coordination is increasing. Preventive care, cross discipline coordination, and proactive management of long term care might reduce the cost of care, but these services often are uncovered or poorly reimbursed. 3 Spending on health care in the United States has been rising at a faster pace than spending in the rest of the economy since the 1960’s. According to the Centers for Medicare Medicaid Services- National Health Statistics Group states that in 2005, national health care spending amounted to approximately $2.0 trillion, or $6697 per person and 16% of the gross domestic product. By 2015, health care spending is expected to reach $4.0 trillion. People with large medical care cost are often chronically ill, disabled, or poor. Our society’s inability to provide continuous, coherent patient centered care for this group of individuals is one cause of the high aggregate cost of health care and contributes to the cost of public insurance programs. Patients who enter Medicare without previous insurance but with chronic illness will be sicker and more disabled and therefore more costly to that government program. Health insurance premiums increased drastically since the year 2005. Many have been unable to even afford health coverage. Employer based health insurance has been the basis for paying for health services since 1940, but  it is fast eroding under the pressure of relentlessly rising costs of care. Despite the growing need for coordination of health care services, government and private insures pay for health care services primarily on a episodic, visit related basis with few, if any, incentives for providing comprehensive, coordinated, and continuous care for the prevention and management of chronic illness. Primary care physicians now spend about 20% of their time in unreimbursed coordination of care tasks using the telephone or e-mail. Despite repeated attempts to rein in federal expenditures for Medicare and Medicaid, federal have continued to increase much faster than inflation in the entire economy. 4 The Medicaid program provides medical benefits to over 52 million people who meet categorical eligibility standards. The federal government and the state share responsibility for funding Medicaid. The success of the VA system in dramatically restructuring itself indicates that major gains can be achieved in the United States in improving health care access and quality while reducing costs. One response to rising health care costs has been the adoption of consumer directed health plans in which the individual takes greater responsibility for paying for care out of pocket rather than the employer or government. Unfortunately, for those with modest incomes, cost sharing has reduced medically necessary care, such as taking medicines for hypertension. The United States is in such a crisis when it comes to the health care system, yet is very important to see that every one of its citizens is afforded health coverage. People are sickly in this nation, like it is in other countries. The United States is in the midst of a primary health care workforce crisis that is expected to worsen in the next decade. The population is aging, and baby boomers are at a high, and a large amount of people will soon be over 65 years and at greater risk for needing care for chronic conditions. The United States should continue to work on having national policies introduced to the health care system to help guide training, supply, and the distribution of health care providers to better assist those in need of health coverage. It is very important to make this a reality, because we the  people of the United States need to be able to receive medical care, and health coverage, no matter if we are rich or poor in this society.

Comparing Frank Baum’s Dorothy Gale of the Oz series and Lewis Carroll’

Comparing Frank Baum’s Dorothy Gale of the Oz series and Lewis Carroll’s Alice of Alice in Wonderland Lewis Carroll’s Alice and Frank Baum’s Dorothy are two of the most well-known and well-loved heroines of all time. At first glance, both Alice and Dorothy appear to be rather accurate renditions of actual little girls who embark on their own adventures in strange and fantastical lands. However, closer scrutiny reveals that only one of these characters is a true portrayal of what a little girl is really like, while the other is but a fulfillment of what most girls would only dream of being like. Like many young girls across the world, both today and in centuries past, it seems that Alice was taught the etiquette that all proper young ladies should follow. Throughout the novel, we see Alice in conflict with certain societal rules – there are several occasions when she is frustrated with what others say and do to her. But only those privy to her innermost thoughts (i.e., the readers) are capable of seeing her true feelings on any matter, for she remains, with the exception of an episode at the end of the text, extremely courteous to all those she meets. One of the passages that clearly describes this general acquiescence is when Alice sees the Duchess after meeting the King and Queen on the croquet-ground: â€Å"Tut, tut, child!† said the Duchess. â€Å"Every thing’s got a moral, if only you can find it.† And she squeezed herself up closer to Alice’s side as she spoke. Alice did not much like her keeping so close to her: first, because the Duchess was very ugly; and secondly, because she was exactly the right height to rest her chin on Alice’s shoulder, and it was an uncomfortably sharp chin. However, she did not like to b... ...relate to a child’s need for escape from the educational system, even if only through a book.) While both Alice and Dorothy are meant to be portraits of typical young girls, I believe that they represent two different facets of a young girl’s nature. Carroll’s Alice undoubtedly portrays the true image of what real young girls are like, possessing some qualities that may not be considered extremely attractive but are nevertheless present in the lives of young women. On the other hand, Baum’s Dorothy is more fantastic, a heroine who encompasses all the qualities that any young girl would like to have but cannot always attain. Together, then, the two characters make up everything that a young girl is — the influences and restrictions that society places on her, the unspoken thoughts that she has when speaking to others, the dreams that she wishes to aspire to.

Compensation – Incentive vs Bonus

A bonus plan is one where the bonus is awarded after the fact and typically has very little or no incentive value. The employees typically come to see it as an entitlement. An incentive plan is a variable pay plan that is tied to some level of performance. The employee is rewarded with a payment that is predefined and non discretionary. The reward is paid when actual performance meets or exceeds predefined goals. incentive| Any form of variable payment tied to performance. The payment may be a monetary award, such as cash or equity, or a nonmonetary award, such as merchandise or travel.Incentives are contrasted with bonuses in that performance goals for incentives are predetermined. Generally nondiscretionary and can be paid at any time of the year| bonus| An after-the-fact reward or payment (may be either discretionary or nondiscretionary) based on the performance of an individual, a group of workers operating as a unit, a division or business unit, or an entire workforce. Payments may be made in cash, shares, share options or other items of value. In the context of sales compensation, a defined, pre-established amount of money to be earned for achieving a specified performance goal.Planned bonus amounts commonly are expressed as a percent of the incumbent's base salary, salary range midpoint, percentage of target cash compensation or incentive compensation, or a defined dollar amount. See also discretionary and nondiscretionary bonus| Bonus versus Incentive – What is the Difference? Here is how our Glossary defines them:Incentive:  Ã‚  Additional pay (above and beyond the base salary or wage) awarded to an employee, such as stock options or a contingent bonus plan, that is ‘forward looking'. Bonus:  Ã‚  Plans that award cash or other items of value, such as stock (or stock options), based on accomplishments achieved.While incentive plans are ‘forward' looking' bonus plans are ‘backward looking'. An incentive that is dangled to ent ice certain behaviors may include cash or prizes or perquisites or anything that activates the motivations of the performers. A bonus is â€Å"something extra† which is usually cash and is always non-guaranteed. The two terms can obviously overlap:   job security in unsettled times can be an incentive for some people to work harder, while a contingent bonus premised on specific outcome results can also be an incentive to achieve those objectives.Cash dropped from the sky as a surprise is generally not considered â€Å"incentive† pay although such bonus gifts have disproportionately strong motivational effects, because the reward was not pre-announced and thus could not entice behavior changes. | Even though Frank and Jim have provided excellent definitions that  draw a distinction between the two terms, I'm sure that they will agree that there is a lot of inconsistency in the use of those terms across business, and even across the compensation profession. Always lo ok for the context that the terms are used in whatever you read or hear. Yep. Like you said, Paul. Term usages vary tremendously between enterprises, industries  and sometimes between applications. As an extreme example, when I'm in meetings and someone says â€Å"comp†, I frequently have to confirm understanding and must ask if they are referring to * compensation (WorldAtWork) * comprehensive (municipal) * complimentary (gambing) * computation (math)Back in The Day, I spent a lot of time translating terms like these and  performance  reviewand such things between disparte audiences who both meant and understood different things from the terms. In the context of sales compensation, WorldatWork defines a â€Å"bonus† primarily in contrast to a â€Å"commission. † In both cases in sales compensation, the reward is generally known in advance and offered for achieving a goal which also generally known in advance. The difference is that the â€Å"commissionâ €  is communicated as a â€Å"piece of the action† (e. g. , 2% of revenue, $5 per unit, 6% of margin dollars); whereas a â€Å"bonus† is a fixed incentive amount offered for achieving a specific objective, often with less offered for lower achievement levels and more for higher levels.Most of the time, the amount of the commission at goal (or â€Å"quota†) is high if the quota is higher – so if one sales person has a $1M quota and another has a $1. 5M quota, then one has a target commission that is 150% that of the other. Whereas in a â€Å"bonus† world, the target incentive is fixed for the role (e. g. , $40k per year) and is paid for hitting quota, which may vary from one person to the next.Of course there are myriad nuances and variations, including the possibility of â€Å"personal commission rates† which communicate a [email  protected] â€Å"bonus† as if it were a [email  protected] â€Å"commission,† etc. But that gets at the gist of it. All that said, I do have a current client with a business that is very weather-dependent (agrichemicals), to the extent that performance of the sales people can only be assessed retrospectively – did they create value for the company, sell well, cement relationships with customers, and achieve solid results given the opportunities that came their way during the year?Because the business itself is so volatile, the sales person's compensation must be less incentive-rich at target than most in similar roles, and performance can only be evaluated fairly in retrospect. However, this is only noteworthy because it is so highly unusual. Wherever possible (and it usually is possible), sales people have clear financial goals with formulaic compensation opportunities tied to how well they do against those goals. | |

Individual Risk Management Essay

The objective of risk management is to develop response actions to minimize the impact of possible negative events during every phase of a project. The process also works to increase the impact of the positive events and mitigate the problems associated with making changes (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). The risks in many projects are multifaceted in nature because the positive impact created at one stage of a project, could have dire consequences at another. For example, occasionally in construction projects, floor slabs will have design defects that will not properly drain and eliminate the migration of water breaching the inside of the structure. A minor re-design of the slab configuration will eliminate the drainage problem but cause a significant structural issue with roof trussing and its ability to hold the house together during a minimal shift. The changes made to correct the slab issue are great, but the problems it will create down the line are greater unless the initial solution is analyzed all the way through the project. Identifying the risk and plausible solutions is done through a series of procedures, techniques, and analysis to meet the objectives of risk management. Another dimension of the risk management kaleidoscope understands the definition of risk from various viewpoints and positions with stake in the project. The risk management operation requires a planning process describing how to conduct the risk management based on the activities and tasks necessary to complete the work. There is an intangible element with assessing the risk of defining the tolerances and attitudes of the organizational leaders and stakeholders. A project manager with experience will have a more complete understanding of this component performing an internal analysis of risk appetite and risk tolerance levels surrounding the organization and the primary stakeholders. The amount of risk for a project is measured, analyzed, and quantified with  numerous equations, graphs, and statistical parameters to confirm and justify the data, but understanding what is in the head of corporate leaders and stakeholders and the level of risk they are comfortable with; is not on a spreadsheet. The understanding of this type of risk management comes from experience and high-level communication skills put into an action plan before the project is started. The risk management process is dependent on several documents for information to achieve its objectives, respond accordingly with monitor and control procedures specific to the project (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). The risk team will rely in the risk management plan to identify and classify their roles and responsibilities in the key areas. The team also collects information from cost management plan that assists in controlling levels of precision, accuracy, and units of measure. The cost management for risk managers involves more controlling of operational expenditures than total cost of the project (Cooper, Raymond, & Walker, 2005). The information provided by the schedule management plan is also a vital document especially in conjunction with the cost management plan to control progression throughout the project life cycle. The scope baseline document is a mandatory piece of information the risk team will look closely at for possible assumptions and uncertainty that might exist. Information for the project that the teams will use throughout the project as reference and updating tools are the stakeholder register, procurement documents, and enterprise environmental factors just to name a few (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). The risk management team completes the identification process with the creation of the risk register and a defined risk management plan (RMP) explaining the risk activities, risk challenges, risk treatment, and structured response in detail. This RMP defines the tools, resources, roles, and responsibilities for managers and line workers alike to minimize project defects and enhance project production. The RMP delivers four main objectives significant to the project, by categorizing the risk into different levels for each phase and department. The risk categorization provides the probability and impact of the risk to gain a better understanding of the impact on the project in terms that are explicit to each, department, or stakeholder at every stage. The risk management matrix has four primary project objectives defining a plan to address cost, time, scope, and quality. The risk management during  the initial planning stages is performed the same way with adjusted tolerances because of limited information. (Project Management Institute,  © 2013). Provided below is a Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) as defined in the; A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK ® Guide). The RBS is performed on the information in the course syllabus â€Å". Your organization has decided that to be successful in the global economy it must expand its supply base into China† (The Apollo Group Inc., 2010). Project Risks: Internal risks of compatibility with stakeholders and foreign lending institutions. The technical capabilitites and servicing capacity for optimum production levels. External Risks: Implmenting organizational objectives in bureaucratic ccontext of host country and meet essential program operations. Risk associated with enviromental enterprise and conceptual framework. Shortage of resources, poor infrastructure, foreign currency, cultural and socioeconomic enviroment. Incomplete understanding of project objectives, design, and sustainability to promote future growth. References Cooper, D. F., Raymond, G. S., & Walker, P. (2005). Project Risk Guidelines: Managing risk in large projects and complex procurements. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.. Kerzner, H. (2009). Project Management: A systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling (10th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Project Management Institute. ( © 2013). A Guide to the Project Management body of knowledge. (PMBOK ® Guide), Fifth Edition. Retrieved 02 17, 2014, from http://common.books24x7.com/toc.aspx?bookid=51356. Sollish, F., & Semanik, J. (2007). The procurement and supply manager’s desk reference. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. The Apollo Group Inc ®. (2010). Syllabus CPMGT/302 Procurement and Risk Management. School of Business. Pheonix, AZ: University of Phoenix.

Literary elements in A Rose for Emily By William Faulkner

Literary elements in A Rose for Emily By William Faulkner In William Faulkner's short story "A rose for Emily", a series of literary elements were used to effectively create the themes. In "A rose for Emily", the main theme happens to be the search for love and security. Mr. Faulkner's uses of literary elements were brilliant and played a vital role in the stories general setup, bringing light to the issue that arise when a young woman struggle to find love in an alien environment.Symbolism is the main factor in understanding of the theme of the story. Mr. Faulkner provides many symbols throughout the story. Foremost is the title "A rose for Emily". The rose from the title symbolizes the absent love she feels. When a bachelor is in love, he give a rose to the person they love. The title symbolizes the roses and flowers that Emily never received, and the love that escaped her.English: Emily RoseAnother dominant symbol in the story is the house. In the beginning, the house was said to be big, white and beautifully made. Just like Miss Emily W hen she was young, however as time goes on, the house grow harsh and dirty, just like the personality of Miss Emily. Emily's life is much like the house, suffers from love and eventually comes crashing down.Another theme that the author expressed in his work is the theme of isolation. It is presented by the author usage of descriptive words and imagery. Many vivid words were used as the author establishes the main characters in the story. Giving them life and color. Also, one of the most effective elements that the author used in his development of the theme is the uses of imagery. He portrays Homer Barron and Emily's father as sort of villains who are preventing...

Great Essays

Great Essays Great Essays Great Essays Great essays are not easy to write, but if you are interested in the topic and if you feel inspired, you have no barriers to creating great essays.   Read the following sample of great essay.   It is well-written and will definitely gain your attention. If you have an academic assignment to write the great essay, feel free to request our custom essay writing service at any time. Our writers are working 24/7 without weekends to lend you a hand of help with any essay writing. Great Essays Sample The most important of parental allies was the nurse. It was the almost unanimous opinion of churchmen, doctors, and moralists from Erasmus on that mothers ought to breastfeed their own infants. Some theologians even tried to suggest that a failure to do so should be regarded as a mortal sin. At the same time, these writers would reluctantly add some words of advice on how to choose a nurse, a last-minute concession indicating that the practice was far too strongly entrenched in the mores of the period to be dislodged by the exhortations of a few intellectuals. In this respect, Rousseau, who has always been regarded as the revolutionary champion of maternal breastfeeding, was no less sensitive to custom than his predecessors, and his passionate appeal to mothers was followed by some sober recommendations for selecting a nurse, and even a touch of lyricism on the joys of nursing in the fresh air of the countryside. In this section, I describe the deeply rooted practice of employing nur ses, and explore some of the possible reasons for their participation in family life. The first point to note about the nurse is her poverty. "All the women who hire themselves out as nurses are peasants or women of mean estate." By contrast, the family which employed her necessarily belonged to a relatively affluent class. FranÃÆ' §ois Mauriceau noted that poor people did not even have the means to hire a nurse for the first week of the baby's life, during which time he believed the mother's own milk was not good for the infant. These women would have to breastfeed their children themselves right from the beginning. There was no possibility of help even for a brief period. He went on to single out among the people who engaged nurses "all the women of quality and a majority of the bourgeoisie." The relationship of the nurse to her employers varied with circumstances. The woman might be a long-term domestic of the parents, perhaps the nurse of earlier children from the same family. In many cases, however, she was a stranger. In Paris, placement bureaus arranged connections between nurses and families interested in doing business. Many writers deplored the frequent failure of mothers to investigate the character of the women they were choosing to feed their offspring. In spite of the doctors' urgings, this choice was often not made in advance of the birth. Where details are given, the parents, even those who seem especially thoughtful and attentive to the welfare of their children, contracted with the nurse after the baby had been delivered. Sometimes the father of the infant gave the money directly to the nurse's husband. Great Essays Writing Service What is the first step of great essays writing?   Writing an essay, you should pay attention to the format and flow of ideas.   If you cannot afford spending hours of your time in libraries, order professional customized writing assistance at our site.   Our writers are able to impress you with custom written essays!   Our prices are impressively low while the quality of written essays is unquestionably high. is a trusted and reliable online service.

In what way would winning the CA, state lottery ticket makes you bad Essay

In what way would winning the CA, state lottery ticket makes you bad - Essay Example But the responsibility of dealing with a lot of money can be as stressful as managing little. This is even harder for a person who is suddenly find themselves plunged from modest financial ground to extreme wealth. Just to show how hard it can to deal with a lot of money, consider the advice given to a young South African entrepreneur. Kunene was one of the 10 finalists of the South African Breweries Kick Start Business Competition for his business, Mind Trix Media (specializing in web development and design, development of mobile applications, printing and marketing) and met a number of motivational entrepreneurs, including Virgin Atlantic’s Richard Branson. Kunene says one of the most important pieces of advice he got was to see a psychologist once he got his first million (Tshabalala 23). A lot of money affects one’s psychology. They might start seeing themselves as better than everyone else. On the other hand, friends might start to feel their friend (the one who has the lottery) is acting different. They might be right, but they might also be wrong, seeing what they want to see out of envy. Either way, this is how money separates friends. Further, if a college student wins good fortune in lottery, they might start to think that they are now already successful, that they do not need college education anymore. Besides, they might argue, we have successful college dropouts in Bill Gates, Richard Branson and who would forget Steve Jobs. What they might not see is that these people dropped out of college with concrete visions of where they wanted to do with their lives, where they wanted to be. Of course, it took some risk. But they left college to work toward that vision. Another thing about these famously rich college dropouts is that they have worked hard for what they have or, in the case of Steve Jobs, had. That is the other problem about lottery money; it comes easy. And I like to think that people tend to be more protective over what

Strategy Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Strategy Paper - Essay Example As mentioned, a bachelor’s degree is not directly proportional to outstanding performance. It is on this premise that our front liners – the people who will deal and interact directly with customers and suppliers – do not essentially need to be degree holders, but should have sufficient expertise in this field, and should have delivered excellent performance in their respective fields during previous work experiences. Customer Service is one of the company’s first priority as it reflects the values and objectives of the company, and this is something not really learned within the confines of a classroom, but in an actual interactive environment where one begins to learn and understand the needs of a customer. To further enhance the company front liners, they will also be subject to trainings and workshops that would contribute to the betterment of their performances. Same amount of regard would be given to the company’s sales and marketing teams, as they will be the backbone of the company. They will be given specific goals to achieve as far as sales are concerned. The Marketing team will likewise be given quantifiable objectives that could be equated to the success of the sales team. Each employee’s contribution definitely makes up for the company’s success, therefore making it crucial to find the right people who would deliver results for the company. 10-8 ensures that its workforce is maximized by giving high regards to the collective achievement of the team members, not only to individual performances. This way, each team member’s potential will be utilized in a manner whereby the results would always reflect to the team as a whole. 10-8’s core value is to give back to the community, and this is reflected in the company’s marketing and business strategy. The management would like to position the company as a