The Perceived benefits of a Pupil Referral Unit

The Perceived advantages of a Pupil Referral Unit In todays society it is generally acknowledged that each youngster has the privilege to instruction. Along these lines, even kids who give indications of testing conduct in schools ought to be qualified for a similar consideration from staff and a similar standard of training as other youngsters in the school. Be that as it may, there are a few kids who can't be instructed inside the limits of a standard school for a wide range of reasons. Sodha and Margo (2010) have delivered information that proposes ; 7.4% of kids may have ADHD; 15% of multi year olds have lead issues; around 15% of youngsters who start school at age five have inconvenient conduct that may make it hard to learn; and research proposes that up to 5% of understudies show testing conduct at some phase in their school vocation. In light of these issues Pupil Referral Units (PRUs) were set up. They offered an assistance which works outside of standard schools and is intended to help kids with testing conduct and address their conduct in an all the more supporting condition in order to meet their regularly mind boggling needs. Get the Right School, (2000-2011) Testing Behavior Testing conduct can be thought of just like a contention between a youngster and the earth as indicated by Loreman (2005). Loreman clarifies that these contentions can happen when a kid reacts to their instructive condition in manners that contrast essentially from age-suitable desires and meddle with their own learning. This definition seems to recommend, nonetheless, that these contentions are because of an intrinsic shortcoming inside the kid that requires the expulsion of that youngster from a standard school. An increasingly sensible clarification is that these contentions happen in view of the youngster, yet in addition because of the response of the expert or administration in light of their conduct, and it is this response, accordingly, that decides if the conduct is trying of not. (Clark, and Griffiths 2008). This proposes there is a key need that the administration or individual from staff, ought to have a specific degree of capacity to empower them to comprehend and percei ve the necessities of the youngster, and it is this capacity, in this way, that would decide if the conduct of the kid was really testing or not. There is an entire scope of reasons why youngsters might be required to go to a PRU. Cohen and Hughes, (1994) for instance, propose that these youngsters fall into two particular classifications. Right off the bat, youngsters who have perceived learning inabilities and specific passionate and social issues, and besides, those whose conduct is troublesome to the point that the standard schools conclude they can't offer the proper consideration and help. Anyway much of the time the two classes can apply to a kid despite the fact that the causative and acquainted elements may vary. Anyway there are a rising number of kids who have none of these particular issues however are required to go to a PRU, youngsters who simply think that its difficult to acclimate to standard schools and furthermore pregnant young ladies. (DCSF 2008) It can be seen that there is a broadly shifting blend of kids going to these focuses. Significance of a Pupil Referral Unit The most recent national insights on changeless and fixed period avoidances from standard schools in England created by the Department for Education (2010), recommends that that there was an expected 6,550 lasting prohibitions from essential, standard auxiliary and every single extraordinary school in 2008/09. The DfE additionally expressed that there were 12,800 youngsters going to Pupil Referral Units in 2010. Moreover, perpetual rejection from a school has been connected to more extensive prohibition from society and so as to defeat this, the instruction framework needs to progress in the direction of accomplishing a school which is comprehensive for every single youngsters by embracing a culture, teaching method and educational plan which will bolster all students who go to schools which are in regions that have been described by social avoidance. (Hayton, 1999) It has additionally become obvious that there are progressively blended perspectives inside training in general, and even the experts working inside the Pupil Referral Units themselves, differ on the best way to manage youngsters that really have increasingly complex needs. Sonia Sodha (2010) points out that PRUs are being seen progressively as transgression canisters or dumping grounds that schools use to expel issue youngsters from their obligation. Moreover, the resultant implemented relationship with hostile to social companions, might be counterproductive and really increment conduct issues. Be that as it may, the advantages of a PRU might be seen uniquely in contrast to various people groups viewpoints. The board and utilized staff working inside PRUs have similarly as high a duty as some other educator in standard schools, to empower the youngsters to accomplish their maximum capacity in their instruction and bolster them in getting ready and promoting their own comprehension of what is anticipated from them inside their working life after school. (Ofsted 2005) The Annual Report of Her Majestys Chief Inspector of Schools (2004) states that the quantity of PRUs has consistently expanded. The report expresses that 25 out of 38 PRUs investigated in 2004/05, were 'acceptable' or 'better', giving adequately to the youngsters they serve. The report likewise expressed that in practically all units, the students conduct and perspectives to learning were decided to have improved since the understudies gone along with them in the wake of moving from their past schools. It is hence obvious that for most of its kids, PRUs do give a fundamental and significant help that can't be given in a standard school. Be that as it may, is this administration dependent on a 'one size fits all' premise? For as we have seen numerous kids have totally different issues and needs and it is the sheer decent variety of understudies for whom arrangement inside a PRU must provide food, that presents the fundamental obstruction to the apparent achievement of this kind of setting. (DCSF 2008). In reality, as indicated by Gray, (2002), various PRU staff would contend that numerous youngsters are wrongly positioned inside PRUs and in established truth ought to be set in progressively reasonable settings for their specific needs for example in day or private extraordinary schools. They additionally contend that reintegration rates would be higher if these students inside the arrangement, had less unpredictable needs, and those with significantly more mind boggling necessities ought to be set somewhere else for an increasingly fitting arrangement comparable to those requirements. Be that as it may, budgetary restrictions may well forestall this sort of arrangement developing. Dim, (2002), clarifies that the expenses per place for these sort of uncommon school arrangements are regularly increasingly costly then PRUs presumably being for more than existing monetary arrangement inside the LEA. Boundaries to Learning Avoidance and truancy are a central test in every aspect of instruction and the quantities of truanting and rejected youngsters consistently is during the many thousands which will have extensive and genuine ramifications on their training. Rendall, and Stuart (2005). Therefore Local Authorities are effectively cooperating with schools to empower the procedure between the exchange of a youngster from a standard school to PRU to be as fast as could be expected under the circumstances, just as guaranteeing they follow all the right methodology. Anyway the period between understudies being alluded to a PRU and really starting their time there can regularly be a significant long period and result in a lot of training time being lost. DCSF (2008) Ofsted,( 2007), distinguished specific difficulties that an enormous wide range of PRUS were currently confronting, while furnishing youngsters and youngsters with decent training. They refered to various elements, for example, understudies with different requirements and who are of contrasting age gatherings, and numerous students show up with no arranging or groundwork for those unique needs. Shortages on help were likewise featured with respect to the set number of pro staff who could widen the educational plan. They likewise express the challenges PRUs confronted with respect to the reintegrating understudies once more into standard schools. Poor settlement is likewise a central point which can truly restrain the extent of the educational program accessible to be instructed because of deficient space. This is especially pertinent comparable to physical instruction, ICT structure and innovation, craftsmanship and music. Subsequently Local Authorities need to accept this while overseeing training building resources by studying structures routinely and organizing building work incorporating Pupil Referral Units in their arrangements. DCSF (2008) Longman, and Agar, (1999), likewise make reference to comparable boundaries of learning inside PRUs, and recommended that numerous PRUs were genuinely little ,with constrained staff and offices. This they recommended, made the arrangement of ability and the wide scope of pragmatic contraption that was fundamental for the accomplishment of the PRU, extremely problematical. The achievement of PRUs is basically down to the manner in which they react to difficulties set and the assistance and bolster they get from their Local Authorities (LAs). The LA's in this way have a particular duty comparable to these issues and are required to intercede and make a move especially with respect to assets and building issues. (Ofsted, 2007). The Governments strategy which is set out under The Childrens Act 2004 means to improve the results for all youngsters and youngsters. Anyway numerous kids and youngsters who go to PRU's are powerless or burdened, and in this way may confront more boundaries to learning contrasted with other youngsters and are at a lot higher danger of disappointment therefore. (Division for Education and Skills, 2007), PRU's and Reintegration into Mainstream Education Hayward, (2006), likewise points out that in principle impermanent or low maintenance situations in student referral units are accessible. In any case, as they are quickly topping off this isn't really the situation,

Essay Sample on Barrack Obama Voting for the President

Exposition Sample on Barrack Obama Voting for the President Will Barrack Obama be the following President of the USA? Sleeping enclosure Obama is a Junior United States Senator from Illinois, and a running possibility for the Democratic Partys designation for the 2008 Presidential races against Hilary Clinton, ex-First spouse of Ex-President Bill Clinton. Obama effectively broke limits as the fifth and current African-American serving in the US Senate. He moved on from Columbia University and Harvard Law School. Nonetheless, Obamas obscurity was placed being referred to due to his legacy. His dad originated from Kenya and his mom is white American. This was placed into question each time discusses America being prepared for a Black president rise. Likewise with the advantages and disadvantages, Obamas political motivation are the same from Clintons stage. It’s simply that he is Black and male, and Clinton is white and female. Both are depending on their shortcoming focuses (Black and Female) to stir vote feelings and to demonstrate that one can go past their shortcoming point to serve the ext raordinary nation of America, on the off chance that the individual would be chosen President. Obama being dark anyway rouses more inquiries rather than feelings toward him. Late surveys indicated Clinton being 40 focuses higher than him. Be that as it may, with regards to dark surveys, Obama drives Clinton with a broad 24 focuses, yet this is operating at a profit network. In any case, an overview among Black residents whether America is prepared for a Black President demonstrated that the vast majority of them dont accept this is the ideal opportunity for it; or that they would live long enough to observe it. In the event that Black residents have this outlook, what more the White residents? Some portion of Obamas issue with dark voters is that he is seen by whites as the principal dark competitor with a real took shots at the White House. At the point when white America has held onto a competitor as they have with Barrack Obama there is a sure measure of doubt that goes with this among various African Americans, Wilson said (cnn.com). The main bit of leeway that can be seen once Obama wins Presidential political decision is having an informed man with an informed rundown of needs and projects that whenever managed and finished altogether, United States would maybe be as yet the best country on the planet. The downside be that as it may, is the ill-equipped ness, still, of most Americans, just as abroad in managing a Black President. There may be an issue of inclination inclining towards the kindness of Blacks and Whites may consider it to be danger (ideally not driving for Civil War II). Regardless, as far as status, America is prepared, really, however to practice plainly that preparation through democratic may at present be incomprehensible. Truly, they are open however by one way or another theres this mystery power that shields them from making their â€Å"open-mindedness† known through democratic Obama for President. So we have seen the continuous developing of an America which presently acknowledges that Blacks can accomplish more than play sports and engage them. The fact of the matter is thateven however Blacks in places of impact owe their prosperity to the Thurgood Marshalls, Martin Luther Kings, Fannie Lou Hamers and Jesse Jacksonsthis achievement isn't the option in contrast to social equality activism. It is the aftereffect of social equality activism, at that point and now. This doesn't mean prejudice does not exist anymore, and it surely doesn't imply that all America will grasp a Black president. However, it means that the atmosphere is set for a functioning vital minority to prepare the dominant part to triumph (Sharpton, 2007).

If You Have Bad Credit, Watch out for These 5 Predatory Loan Warning Signs

If You Have Bad Credit, Watch out for These 5 Predatory Loan Warning Signs If You Have Bad Credit, Watch out for These 5 Predatory Loan Warning Signs If You Have Bad Credit, Watch out for These 5 Predatory Loan Warning SignsHigh interest rates and short repayment terms are a good start, but you should also find a lender that checks your ability to repay!Bad credit loans can be a great tool to help people bridge unforeseen financial gaps, but the wrong loan can leave you trapped in a bad cycle of high-interest debt. In order to avoid predatory lenders, here are five warning signs that you should use to sort out the good loans from the not-so-good.1. Ridiculously high APRs.When you have bad credit, you’re shut out from borrowing at traditional lending institutions. And the kinds of loans you will be able to get approved for are going to carry higher interest rates due to the increased likelihood that you (and other customers) will default.But there’s a limit. And predatory lenders charge interest rates that go way beyond it. You might not be able to tell just by looking at their stated interest charges, but some of these loans c ost could be charging over 40 times what standard personal loans would chargeâ€"or even more!We’ll cover more about the dangers of short-term bad credit loans in the next section, but we can’t talk about the sky-high high interest on these loans without mentioning them. That’s because the interest rates on short-term loans can obscure how expensive they are compared to regular loans.Why is that? Well. your standard personal loan states its interest rates on an annual basis, while short-term loans state their rates on a weekly or monthly basis. This is why you should use a loan’s annual percentage rate, or APR, to measure its true cost.Once you do that, the high rates of these short-term predatory loans will become clear. For instance, if you borrow a two-week payday loan with an interest charge of $20 per $100 borrowed, that 20 percent fee would seem a little high, but nothing too bad. However, that two-week loan carries an APR of 520 percent!2. Short terms.Then again, if yo u’re borrowing a two-week bad credit loan, why should you care about how much it’s costing you on an annual basis? After two weeks, you’re going to pay off the loan and free and clear right?Maybe not. Short-terms not only mean higher overall rates, but they also carry with them some other serious obstacles, ones that could prevent you from paying your loan off on-time. Once you’re forced to rollover or re-borrow a loan, those costs start adding up. Fast.One of the primary issues with short-term loans is that … well . they have such short repayment terms! What seems like an easy way to get out of debt fast turns into the opposite: A loan that becomes much too difficult to pay off.A lot of this comes down to the size of the loan’s payments. With short-term loans, you’ll pay them all off in a single lump sum. It’s convenient, sure, but that single large payment can leave people right back where they started: After taking out a payday cash advance to bridge a financial gap, they find themselves facing a brand new gap.Studies bear this out. According to one report from Pew Research Centers, well over 80 percent of payday loan customers didn’t have enough money in their monthly budget to cover their loan payments. And a study from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) found that the average payday loan customer takes out 10 such loans every year.When you’re looking for a bad credit loan, you should see what installment loans are available in your area. Since these loans are paid off a little bit at a time, their smaller payments might fit more easily into your budget than a short-term payday loan, title loan, or cash advance.If you can easily make your payments without having to roll over, reborrow, or refinance, that’s a sign that you found the right bad credit loan for you. Heck, some installment lenders even report payment information to the credit bureaus, which means that paying your loan off on time can help improve your credit score!3. They don’t check your ability to repay.One of the appeals of no credit check loans is right there in the name: This is a lender that won’t be checking your credit. Hard credit checks will often lower a person’s score, after all, and when you’ve got lousy credit, that’s the last thing you need!But there is a difference between not checking your credit score and not checking your ability to repay. And even if a lender isn’t doing the former, they definitely should be doing the latter. If they’re not, you should take that as a flashing red warning sign.Even if a lender isn’t checking your credit score, there are ways that they can check your ability to afford a given loan. One thing they can do verify your income. Another way is by running a soft credit check that won’t affect your score.Lenders that don’t do any of the things are sending a message loud and clear: That it doesn’t matter to them whether or not you can actually afford your loan. And if you have to roll over your loan or take out a new loan immediately after paying off your old one, that’s all the better for them.Finding a company that checks your ability to repay is a great way to avoid predatory bad credit lenders. Otherwise, you could find yourself trapped in an unceasing cycle of debt, taking out loan after loan without ever getting closer to being out of debt.4. Hidden costs or fees.You’ll find these with bad credit and no credit check loans, but they can be even worse when it comes to products like secured credit cards and debit cards. In some cases, you could end up paying exorbitant fees simply to access money that’s already yours!This is why it’s critical that you read the fine print before signing up for any financial product, whether that be a loan, a credit a debit card, or a lease. And if a product comes with lots of hidden fees or extra charges, then that’s a sign that this not the product for you.5. Poor customer reviews.One of your best resou rces for unbiased information on a lender or finance platform is going to be people like you. So before you sign yes on that online loan agreement, check out that company’s reviews to see what their other customers are saying!Sites like  LendingTree  and  Google are a great place to start, but you should go deeper than that. Visit the company’s social media pages to see what kind of experiences customers are reporting. Better yet, visit their  BBB page to see a) whether they even have a BBB page, and b) what kind of rating they’ve received!There isn’t a 100 percent surefire way to avoid predatory lendersâ€"even if you have good credit! But heed these warning signs, and you should put yourself in a position to find the bad credit loan that works best for you.To learn more about how you can improve your financial situation, check out these other articles from OppLoans:Save More Money with These 40 Expert Tips10 Good Money Habits to Make Your Friends JealousBuilding Your Finan cial Life: Budgeting for BeginnersHow to Raise Your Credit Score by 100 PointsDo you have a personal finance question youd like us to answer? Let us know! You can find us  on  Facebook  and  Twitter.  |Instagram

Marele Days Novel, The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender...

Witty, wryly humorous and fast-paced, The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender is a thriller with a twist which brilliantly evokes the sleaze below the surface of the citys glittering faade. Is this what the novel is about? Marele Days novel, The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender explores a large scope of issues related to crime and mystery writing. The use of simple language, symbolism, clever wit and a certain sense of satirical mockery all contribute to composing this witty, wryly humorous and fast paced novel. Through the way in which Day portrays the protagonist, Claudia Valentine, she challenges the stereotypes and ideas set in the readers minds, in relation to gender issues. Day also succeeds to ruthlessly unmask†¦show more content†¦She shows a female character doing what previously only men had done; directly committing herself to the criminal underworld, walking dangerous streets at night, boldly trespassing into perilous areas and defending herself- all the things that only men would do in conventional versions of the genre. On the very first page, Day introduces this concept of ironic mockery by creating confusion as to the gender of the character. A tough voice that fills the requirements of hard-boiled school men is established, and only after turning the page does the reader realize that the terribly hung-over narrator is a female private-eye and the blonde in the bed is a good-looking male. The novel is set in Sydney. Day represents the city form two different views. One is Claudias safe, sheltered Sydneyof innocent childhood, Cars sat in the sun silently absorbing the heat, reminding me of childhood summers. Days at the beach and before you went home all the doors of the car would be flung open and the heat that rushed out nearly knocked you over. The reader soon discovers it to simply be a faade that blinds us from seeing the seedy, savage and corrupted undertones of a world which very few are aware of. This other side is associated with Harry Lavender, who is slowly infiltrating all of society like cancer slowly invades a healthy human body. On several occasions Claudia reinforces theShow MoreRelatedModule a Clemmance - Distinctive Voices Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender1687 Words   |  7 Pagesvoices are created in ‘The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender’ and in ONE other related text of your own choosing. As language lies at the core of communication, composers are given the opportunity to use and manipulate written language through the vehicle of distinctive voicesshaping meaning and understanding of the wider world and people within a text. A great range of language techniques are used in my prescribed text, the novel ‘The Life and Crimes of Harry Lavender’ by Marele Day and my related textRead MoreCrime Fiction Essay1872 Words   |  8 Pagesthe genre of crime writing covers a wide diversity of texts, these texts all engage with investigating a crime and associated social and moral issues. Evaluate this statement. Although the crime-writing genre consists of a wide array of subgenres and hybrids, these texts all focus on a criminal investigation using this as a platform/vehicle to explore and comment on the values and the social context in which it was composed. In doing so, crime fiction texts do not just tell a crime story; they make

Social Media in India - 1910 Words

SOCIAL MEDIA STRATEGY INDIA July, the 26th, 2013 INDEX - SOCIAL MEDIA IN INDIA: SOME FACTS NUMBERS - SOCIAL MEDIA AND ECOMMERCE IN INDIA - TOP ECOMMERCE WEBSITES IN INDIA - TOP ECOMMERCE WEBSITES IN INDIA SOCIAL MEDIA - STRATEGY PROPOSAL Limbara Srl / All rights reserved / 2013 SOCIAL MEDIA IN INDIA More than 76 million people in India will use social networking sites at least monthly this year, up 51.7% from last years total. Doubledigit growth in users will mean that by 2014, 83% of internet users in the country will regularly access social networks Social network users and penetration in India, 2010-2014: - 2010: 33.1 million (+38.8% change / 52.3% of internet users / 2.8% of population) 2011: 50.2 million (+51.5% / 60.3%†¦show more content†¦The younger segments, which is anybody below the age of 35, interact more with the site and post reviews about products, engage with these companies on social media and such. There is also an increase in visitor loyalty – the Indian ecommerce user makes six visits a month to an ecommerce site. Over 95% of ecommerce come from social media portals. The second largest source for ecommerce users is search. Other popular sources among ecommerce users include entertainment sites, news sites, e-mail and jobs sites Sources: ComScore India Limbara Srl / All rights reserved / 2013 TOP E-COMMERCE WEBISTES IN INDIA On the basis of unique visitors Jabong, Amazon, Flipkart, Myntra and Indiatimes shopping are the Top 5 ecommerce sites in India. Each record over 5 million unique visitors per month, with Jabong leading the pack at 11.6 million followed by Flipkart and Amazon with 10.7 million each. Collectively, these five e-tailers cater to 26 million online shoppers, more than a half of total number of online ecommerce visitors in India alone. 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Letter From My President Trump Essay - 1415 Words

A letter from me to you: LBJ to Donald Trump President Trump, It is with my greatest pleasure to congratulate you on this accomplishment and position! After years of planning, advertising, campaigning and organizing I understand the relief and gratitude you must be feeling after such an emotional election. Although this job is a dream, I must be honest and tell you it has its moments. At times it is going to seem like more downs than there are ups but with the right team, confidence and strategies you will be able to conquer these next for years with a breeze. Giving the time frame you are working in and the time frame I worked in I can relate to you with trying to please everyone. There are going to be incidents where you are not going to please the majority, but president to president that is not what it is important. 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If it wasn’t already apparent, your chosen establishment candidate, Hillary Clinton was one painted in scandal, dishonesty, secrecy, and unpopularity. I can’t imagine why you, the democraticRead MoreRussia And Political Stereotypes1457 Words   |  6 Pagesdeceive and manipulate: The first example is a post from â€Å"Heart of Texas† stating that Hillary Clinton does not care about our American Troops (Brian Anderson, 2017). In the article, it states: â€Å"Hillary Clinton has a 69 percent disapproval rate among all veterans.† According to FactCheck.org these statements that Hillary Clinton has said are true. She does indeed have a 69 percent disapproval rate among all veterans. FactCheck uses evid ence from Benghazi where four American troops lost their livesRead MoreThe First Joke Of The Night899 Words   |  4 Pagesanything ... I hate every goddamn branch, and I like to think I have very well-founded reasons. 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Business Proposal For Sirius Satellite Radio Inc Essay Example For Students

Business Proposal For Sirius Satellite Radio Inc Essay Business Proposal for Sirius Satellite Radio Inc. The following is a proposal for Sirius Satellite Radio to gain exclusive rights to Division 1 college football. It examines Sirius current business model and how this new line of programming could be incorporated in to the existing model. Sirius Satellite Radio offers advertisement free, subscription based, satellite radio service in the United States and Canada. Sirius was founded in 1990 as Satellite CD Radio Inc. , but, according to Radio Ink, officially changed its name, to the current designation, in 1999. According to Yahoo Finance, they are listed on the Nasdaq 100 under the service industry and have the designation SIRI. The company is run by CEO Mel Karmazin. The CFO and Executive Vice President is David J Frear. Jame E Meyer is the President of Operations and sales. Scott A. Greenstein is the current President of Entertainment and Sports Operations. Finally, Patrick L. Donnelly is acting Executive Vice President, Secretary, and General Counsel. (Yahoo) According to their website, Siriuss business model is to provide pay-for-service radio, analogous to the business model for premium cable television, in which music channels are free of commercials. Subscriptions are prepaid, with at least three months purchased at a time, and range in price from $12.95 monthly ($6. 99 for each additional receiver) to $499.99 for lifetime subscription. There is a $15 activation fee for every radio activated. According to Yahoo Finance, Sirius offers commercial-free music channels that provide a selection of music genres, such as rock, pop, hip-hop, country, dance, jazz, Latin, and classical; and channels of sports, news, talk, entertainment, traffic, and weather content. A. . exclusive content. Division 1 college football would be excellent exclusive content that could attract many new customers and make existing ones even happier to have a Sirius Satellite Radio. Sources Yahoo Finance. Retrieved 02/02/08. http://finance.yahoo. com/q/pr?s=SIRI Sirius Satellite Radio. â€Å"Corporate Overview† .Retrieved 02/02/08. http://www.sirius.com/aboutus [emailprotected] (February 22, 2006). â€Å"Sirius Satellite Radio and Howard Stern Go Ear to Ear with XM†. Retrieved 02/02/08. http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article. cfm?articleid=1393=53784779=70274173=a8303bc0fa873d673735 NASA. â€Å"Satellite Tracking†. Retrieved 02/02/08. http://science.nasa.gov/programs/pagebuilding/trackmusicsats. asp Radio Ink. â€Å"CD Radio Announces Name Change.† Retrieved 02/02/08. http://www.radioink.com/HeadlineEntry. asp?hid=28066=archive

Brand Management Toyota Corporation Motors

Introduction In a competitive market, organizations often use brand names to create an image and attract more customers. This makes a brand name a key asset to a company.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Brand Management: Toyota Corporation Motors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More ther than the main brand, companies introduce extension brands which are referred to as flanker brands. The current paper is an attempt to explore the concept of flanker brands, their uses, and advantages and disadvantages as a business strategy. For this particular case study, Toyota Corporation Motors has been used to analyse its main flanker brands and how they have been employed in the market. Overview and background information of the brand Toyota Japan is a strong brand that has been in the market for a long period of time. The company was initiated in 1957 in the America motor car and vehicle industry.1 The company which uses modern technology in its production has over the years continued to increase its market share. The major competitors of Toyota are Nissan, General Motors, Ford, and Honda. Toyota brand is dominant in the auto market and is ranked third globally. The Japanese automaker has since 1975 remained as the largest foreign automobile brand to operate in US.2 The currently projections indicate that the brand is expected to replace GM to become the largest and leading automobile manufacturer. Among the different strategies used by organization to differentiate and diversity, Toyota has embarked in brand flanking as a major strategy. For instance, to enter new markets and increase its market share, Toyota came out with Scion and Lexus brands which were part of the Toyota brand. The Scion brand was a low-quality and low-price product which target young people while the Lexus brand which is a high quality and luxury brand targets the rich segment of consumers in the market. 3 The figure below is the logo of Toyota Japan and that of Lexus Brand as provided in Toyota Motor Inc.4 Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Figure 1: Toyota Japan and Lexus Brand logos Definition of flanker brands Brand managers design an extension of the existing brands with the aim of tapping segments of the market that have not been fully exploited. This extension is referred to as flanker brand. Therefore, a flanker brand is basically a new product that is introduced into the market by a company in a specific market segment in adding up to the existing brand.5 Flank brands are used to introduce new product(s) by well established and strong brands. Also referred to as fighting brands, flanker brands are launched in an already existing market by an organization that has an already an established brand. The new product launched as a flanker brand lies in the similar product category.6 Throug h the use of flanker brands, a company is able to create a competitive advantage over its competitors. Other than fighting a competitor, the flanker brand creates a unique position that shields the existing brand from weakening its brand premium. It should be noted that a flanker brand is not used to weaken but rather to strengthen the existing established brand.7 This was a metaphor used to protect the main brand from its competitors. The diagram below shows the flanking strategy as adopted by organization as provided by Paul Ducham8 Figure 2: Flanking attack Differentiation of types of flanker brands There are different types of flanker brands used by a company in competitive markets. 9 For instance, when customers in market segment cannot afford the major product provided, the company is compelled to introduce new products of the same category which are suited for that segment. For instance, the company may plan to produce low-priced cars to meet the demands of low income earner s. Price cuts are used to protect the market share and the established brand profitability.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Brand Management: Toyota Corporation Motors specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In this specific case, the flanker brand is price brand which is used to defuse the position of larger competitor.10 Other than low price, the company may plan to design highly priced products with new features to counter the offering provided by the competitor without necessarily disturbing the main brand. However, lower-quality flanker brand is commonly used by brand managers to appeal and attract low-price segment of customers.11 Different uses of flanker brands Brand managers use flanker brands for multiple reasons. The major use of a flanker brand is to create a competitive advantage over competitors and rivals in the market. For example, a company may add value to a particular brand by providing a produc t which is of low quality but with multiple benefits and low price with the aim of targeting a particular segment thus preventing the major rivals and competitors from occupying the main and attractive niche in the market.12 Still on the same case, flanker brand is necessary because it necessitates a company in attracting new customers from a defined market segment(s).13 The flanker brand is used together with main brand to attract or convert consumers from different segments to enjoy the multiple benefits associated with the flanker brand. Subsequently, the company is able to cover and gain a larger market share compared to when a single brand was used.14 A flanker brand can also be used when the already established brand has stagnated in terms of sales because its appeal to customers has declined.15 Even if the flanker brand competes with the already established brand, the company is able to gain profits, meet the needs of its customers, attract new customers, and above all retain or increase its market share. In addition, the company may benefit by curving out an unexplored segment or niche in the market. In markets where buyers or consumers have a high bargaining power, flanker brands are used to target buyers seeking for a bargain.16 How the chosen brand has employed flanker brands as a business strategy Toyota is a strong brand which competes favorably in the motor vehicle industry. The company employs flanker brands as a business strategy to create a competitive advantage and create a market share. For example, after receiving high competition from its competitors, Toyota introduced Lexus brand as a flanker brand. Lexus brand which is a high quality brand was introduced in the market to target the prestige segment in the market.17 The brand was designed to create appeal to high class consumers who could afford the product offered in a higher price.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The rationale behind the introduction of Lexus brand in the market was to defend its market from major rivals like General Motors, Honda, and Nissan. As a result, Toyota has been able to retain its position in the market when compared to its competitors. Moreover, the luxury brand was used to target a market share that is increasing in the market.18 The picture below is the flanker brand Lexus as provided by Lexus19 Figure 3: Lexus Brand Car In 2003, Toyota was able to introduce the Scion brand which is a lower-quality product.20 The flanker brand strategy was designed to protect Toyota’s main brands from competitors’ direct competition in terms of price. The targeted customers were a low-price segment in the motor vehicle industry.21 Therefore, it can be concluded that the Scion brand of Toyota was used establish its presence among first time car buyers who are younger and with the desire to possess a car that is well designed, has multiple benefits, and is of low pr ice. This ensured that Toyota brand was insulated from the main rivals and competitors in the market. As a result, the company has been able to defend itself from competitors and increase its market share. In addition, the flanker brands of Toyota have strengthened Toyota’s primary brand while at the same time integrating flanker brands which has created a competitive advantage in its vulnerable market segments. This has enable Toyota in capturing a territory where competitors had not strongly established its presence. Scion cars targeted customers who could not afford Lexus and Toyotas thus attracting younger customers.22 The figure below is a Scion brand car as adopted.23 Figure 4: Scion brand car The advantages and disadvantages of employing flanker brands as a strategy Employing flanker brands is both advantageous and disadvantageous. With reference to Toyota, the discussed flanker brands have not only assisted in the retention of market but also in increased the company ’s market share. This has been achieved through targeting new segments in the market which seemed vulnerable and had not been targeted.24 In addition, the company has been able to increase its profits and at the same time increasing its presence in the American Market thus creating a niche for itself. This has assisted in neutralizing the competitors’ position thus preventing its competitors from absorbing an attractive niche in the market. Therefore, the use of flanker brands as a strategy assist in curving out not only a new niche but also a new market segment.25 Flanker brands help in fighting a competitor through the provision of both low quality and high quality products in the market. This has assisted Toyota in capturing brand switchers through the provision of several brands.26 This has not only created a variety and a choice to select from, but has also resulted to protection of the company from failure risks. For example, in case either of the flanker brands failed or received low market acceptance, the existing Toyota Brand would not be affected because the new products have their own unique names. Lastly, flanker brand strategy is used to create appeal to a certain consumers. For example, Scion car brand has been applied by Toyota to appeal consumers in the Y generation. 27 Despite the advantages, flanker brands strategy is disadvantageous in certain ways. A flanker brand is an expensive venture which requires adequate capital before the new product is launched.28 In addition, the launch of low product in the market may be received negatively because based on price-quality leadership, lowly priced products do no last for long hence they low quality has no value for customer’s money.29 With reference with Toyota, Lexus which is a luxury brand has reduced the market share for Toyota after numerous cars were recalled as a result of brake failure. Although no great harm has been done in the Toyota market, the recall has reduced the trust and perception consumers have towards Toyota products in general. The success or failure of the implementation of flanker brands The implementation of Toyota’s flanker brand could be concluded to have been successful. However, the implementation of flanker brands is not always a success and may sometimes result to a failure. In most cases, new products fail which result to failure of the implementation of flanker brands. For instance, â€Å"when a new product has high trial volume (the first purchase) but low repeat volume (the second and future purchases), the product is more likely to fail than one that has smaller trial volume but high repeat rates†.30 This means that implementation of flanker brands becomes a failure when after the launch the second purchase does not succeed the first purchase. Although Scion brand has not failed, it still continues to struggle given the high level of unemployment among the target group. In addition, the structural constrain ts of the flanker brand to target consumers who are above years may result to its failure in the near future. Bibliography Aaker, David A. Brand Portfolio Strategy. Book Reviews, (2004): 468-469. Aaker, David A. Brand extensions: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Sloan Management Review, 31, no. 4 (1990), 47-56. Duncham, Paul. Marketing Strategies for New and Growing Markets. McGraw Hill Education, (2011) Giddens, Nancy. Building Your Brand with Flanker Brands. University of Missouri, 2010. Kim, Renee. Brand Building and Innovating: The Best Way to Stay Alive. Innovative Marketing, 2, no. 4 (2006): 75-82. Lederer, Chris and Sam Hill. See your brands through your customer’s eyes. Harvard Business Review, (2001): 3-10. Lexus. Lexus. 10 April 2013.  https://www.lexus.com/models/LS/ Lowery, Kristin B. A Re-Branding Campaign. Dissertation, (2007): 1-35 Nijssen, Edwin J. Success Factors of Line Extensions of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods. European Journal of Marketing 33, no. 5/6 (1 999): 450-469 Raaij, W. Fred van and Wim M. Schoonderbeek. Meaning Structure of Brand Names and Extensions. European Advances in Consumer Research 1 (1993): 479-484. Scion Car Models. 10 March 2012,  http://www.automotive.com/scion/t3-13-2/ . Tauber, Edward M. Branch Franchise Extension: New Product Profits from Existing Brand Names. New York City, 1980. Toyota Motor Inc. Toyota Brand Standards. 10 April 2013. Web. Varadarajan, Rajan Mark P. DeFanti and Paul S. Busch. Brand Portfolio, Corporate Image, and Reputation: Managing Brand Deletions. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 34 (2006):195 -205. Yada, Katsutoshi, Edward I and Naoki Katoh. Is this brand ephemeral? A multivariate tree-based decision analysis of new product sustainability. Decision Support Systems 44, no. 1, (2007): 223-234. Footnotes 1 Kristin B. Lowery. A Re-Branding Campaign. Dissertation, (2007): 15 2 Ibid 3 Ibid 4 Toyota Motor Inc. Toyota Brand Standards. 10 April 2013. 5 Chris Lederer and Sam Hill. Se e your brands through your customer’s eyes. Harvard Business Review, (2001): 4 6 Nancy Giddens. Building Your Brand with Flanker Brands. University of Missouri, 2010. 7 Edward M. Tauber. Branch Franchise Extension: New Product Profits from Existing Brand Names. New York City, 1980. 8 Paul Duncham. Marketing Strategies for New and Growing Markets. McGraw Hill Education, (2011) 9 Nancy Giddens. Building Your Brand with Flanker Brands. University of Missouri, 2010 10 Nancy Giddens. Building Your Brand with Flanker Brands. 11 Paul Duncham. Marketing Strategies for New and Growing Markets. McGraw Hill Education, (2011) 12 Nancy Giddens. Building Your Brand with Flanker Brands. University of Missouri, 2010 13 Ibid 14 Nancy Giddens. Building Your Brand with Flanker Brands. University of Missouri, 2010 15 Edwin J. Nijssen. Success Factors of Line Extensions of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods. European Journal of Marketing 33, no. 5/6 (1999): 451. 16 Rajan Varadarajan, Mark P. DeFanti and Paul S. Busch. Brand Portfolio, Corporate Image, and Reputation: Managing Brand Deletions. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 34 (2006):200. 17 Paul Duncham. Marketing Strategies for New and Growing Markets. McGraw Hill Education, (2011) 18 Ibid 19 Lexus. Lexus. 10 April 2013. 20 ibid 21 Raaij, W. Fred van and Wim M. Schoonderbeek. Meaning Structure of Brand Names and Extensions. European Advances in Consumer Research 1 (1993): 479-484. 22 Paul Duncham. Marketing Strategies for New and Growing Markets. McGraw Hill Education, (2011). 23 Scion Car Models. 10 March 2012. 24 Renee Kim. Brand Building and Innovating: The Best Way to Stay Alive. Innovative Marketing, 2, no. 4 (2006): 76. 25 David A. Aaker. Brand extensions: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Sloan Management Review, 31, no. 4 (1990), 48. 26 Ibid 27 Edwin J. Nijssen. Success Factors of Line Extensions of Fast-Moving Consumer Goods. European Journal of Marketing 33, no. 5/6 (1999): 451. 28 David A. Aaker. Brand Portf olio Strategy. Book Reviews, (2004): 468. 29 Ibid 30 Katsutoshi, Yada, I p, Edward and Naoki Katoh. Is this brand ephemeral? A multivariate tree-based decision analysis of new product sustainability. Decision Support Systems 44, no. 1, (2007): 226 This case study on Brand Management: Toyota Corporation Motors was written and submitted by user F1rebrand to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Two problems caused Civil war essays

Two problems caused Civil war essays The two of the problems that caused the Civil War were secession and slavery which Abraham Lincoln eventually started to send soldiers and started the civil war. Even though there were still many problems left after the war, the Federal government came up with a number of solutions to them. Due to the different philosophy between the North and the South, following by the problems in the Constitution, the North and South started to have conflict. The democratic Southerner supported state rights and was not conservatives. The North supported a strong central government and was more conservative. The North which was the Federalist had built a standing army and so the people had to pay tax for the army. However the South didnt want to have a standing army because they were afraid that the army will be united to go against state rights. Also the Southerner didnt want to pay tax for the army. In the congress, there were conflicts between the Jeffersonian and Federalist. The most obvious conflict was when the Alien Act came about. This action was made to go against the Jeffersonian who helped the French and Irish immigrants to U.S. So the conflict between the North and the South was one of the reasons which lead to the separation of North and South and finally the South lose in the Civil war and the North look over the power. Abraham Lincoln, as the president of the United States supported the Federal government in opposite, Thomas Jefferson opposed from the South, The South suggested that there were problems in the constitution and wished to make up for their own. For instance, the problem of slavery werent mentioned in the constitution. In the constitution, there werent anything about the rights of slavery, the control of slavery... Until the amendments came about, then the right of slavery was then mentioned. The biggest problem of slavery was that the Southerners had many plantations and were mostly farmers or...

Formal Written Report and a Creative Marketing Presentation for Essay

Formal Written Report and a Creative Marketing Presentation for marketing mix - Essay Example Pricing Objective and Strategy 13 5.3 Perceptual Mapping 14 Perceptual map at the introductory stage of the PLC 14 Perceptual map at the maturity stage of the PLC 15 6. Marketing Mix adjustment strategies 15 7. Conclusions & Recommendations 16 Reference 17 1. Formal introduction 1.1 Authorization and Purpose The purpose of the report is to analyses the marketing and the branding strategies of Olay which the company has implemented and currently perceiving the strategies. 1.2 Limitation Most of the information was based on secondary research and due to time limit an extensive primary research was not a part of the report. 1.3 Scope of the report The report contains detail information about the brand Olay and its product total effect. The paper discusses the target market, promotion, product strategy of Olay, the positioning statement of Olay, also the perceptual map taking price and quality as two dimensions. 2. Product and target market Product is the core of any marketing plan for a n organization. It is the product that leads the company either towards the success or failure. Products are of many types, the type of product which is dealt in this case is the consumer goods products. Products are those which are consumed or used by the consumers. The brand chosen here is Olay, manufactured by Proctor & Gamble. Olay is regarded as worldwide leader in skincare and the brand is the most trusted by women for around 60 years. The product to be discussed further is Olay, Total effects. This product has been in demand for its features as it claims to fight seven signs of anti ageing problem (Olay, 2012). In this competitive world, women has been equally at par with their counter partners, the male segment and this has lead to more increase or demand of the grooming section. In... Product is the core of any marketing plan for an organization. It is the product that leads the company either towards the success or failure. Products are of many types, the type of product which is dealt in this case is the consumer goods products. Products are those which are consumed or used by the consumers. The brand chosen here is Olay, manufactured by Proctor & Gamble. Olay is regarded as worldwide leader in skincare and the brand is the most trusted by women for around 60 years. The product to be discussed further is Olay, Total effects. This product has been in demand for its features as it claims to fight seven signs of anti ageing problem (Olay, 2012). In this competitive world, women has been equally at par with their counter partners, the male segment and this has lead to more increase or demand of the grooming section. In order to tackle the issue with regards to skincare P&G has introduced line of products which claims to compliment her youthful looks in every stage of her life (Olay, 2012). Hence it can be concluded that the target market for Olay is the large section of women of all age group who loves to stay good, look good at all age of their lives. The product chosen is Olay Total Effects, which has been manufactured to fight the seven signs of ageing for a visibly younger looking skin. The product line of total effect includes from moisturizing to cleansing and also special treatment for skin and these arrays of products are dedicated towards making her skin look at its best.

Legal History of Film Streaming Websites Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legal History of Film Streaming Websites - Essay Example One such disadvantage is the increased risk of infringement of the rights of copyright holders. The Internet provides a faster, cheaper and easier access to entertainment content which inevitably increases the risk of unauthorized reproduction, unchecked distribution and illegal public performance of copyrighted content. (Aspen Pub, 2001). The advent of new digital technologies has eased the circulation of movies around the world which has been and continues to be the source of tremendous problems for the entertainment industry. With the advent of movie streaming technology, an individual can view a movie without downloading it from the website therefore; the ease of viewing has been enhanced. There are a large number of legitimate and legal websites that enable internet users to view motion pictures, live sports events, TV programs and other forms of entertainment. However, the problem of unauthorized public performance of movies has intensified with the advent of illegal and illegi timate movie streaming websites. (Litman 2001). History of Video streaming websites and Copyright Law issues: The demand for online viewing of movies surfaced in the year 1997 and is now a $1.9 billion industry. In 2001 two major movie downloading websites surfaced which were Movielink and Moviebeam. Both websites failed to establish a profitable market place and were sold in the year 2006. Today, one of the major legal movie downloading sites is Apple iTunes along with Amazon, Veoh, Hulu, Netflix and Blockbuster. (Finney, Angus 2010). One of the fundamental issues that arose with widespread use of the Internet was violation of copyright laws. In 1997, the Congress enacted the No Electronic Theft Act in an effort to prevent the unauthorized uploading of movies and videogames. In accordance with Telecommunications Act of 1996, Internet Service Providers will not be considered liable of copyright infringements committed by their website users if they agree to promptly remove the unlaw ful materials from their website. The advent of social networking and film clips sharing sites such as MySpace and Youtube was soon followed by lawsuits filed by copyright owners. In accordance, Youtube was sued by Media conglomerate Viacom for $1 Billion for the violation of copyright laws as thousands of copyright videos were uploaded by Youtube users each day. Youtube and Viacom solved the issue by negotiating outside the court but officials from Youtube stated in court that they fall in the safe harbor category of Digital Millennium Copyright Act which states that the Violator will not be liable for the violation if they promptly remove the material blamed with copyright infringement. Therefore, both MySpace and Youtube acted to prevent the resurfacing of such an issue by installing specially designed internal filters which prevent the uploading of copyrighted material. However, the critics of such lawsuits believe that it is perfectly legal to upload copyrighted material under the fair use Doctrine. The year 2010 proved to be hugely successful for Google and Youtube because the Court dismissed the billion-dollar infringement claim filed by high profile lawsuits and declared that Youtube falls under the â€Å"safe harbor†

Television Addicted Children

Television Addicted Children Television Addiction Children Children’s Television Addiction A lot of people do not realize the seriousness of television addiction. According to â€Å"Television Addiction Is No Mere Metaphor† written by Robert Kubey and Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (2002), each person all over the world spends three hours a day watching television for half of their own leisure time. That means the total amount of the time for watching television is the same as 9 years to spend their time to watch TV if one lives up to 75. A more scary research is 40% of adult respondents and 70% of teenagers think that they watch television too much. Moreover, 10 percent of adults think themselves as TV addicts. Is this fact not surprising? Have you ever thought, â€Å"I think I am addicted to television?† When I was young, I did not consider myself as a television addict. If I did not have anything to do, I would have seen television for 6 through 7 hours in a day. At that time, I already knew I spent too much time watching television, but I did not care about it. However, as time went by, I entered high school, and I needed to study to pass the College Entrance Exam in Korea. Unfortunately, whenever I was studying, I could not take care of my desire to watch television. I tried to get away from the television and set time for viewing the TV. However, it was not that easy. The habit from the young age made me stick to this bad habit. That is why I am interested in television addiction, and why I want to know much about the television addiction. Like this, the impact from viewing television too much would affect not only children’s development in a variety of ways but also until they become adults. Above all, before getting started, we should make sure about the definition of addiction. Although there are a variety of definitions for â€Å"addiction,† all the meanings are the same. Of all, I chose the definition which is proposed by Lamai, â€Å"Addiction is a habitual repetition of excessive behavior that a person is unable or unwilling to stop, despite its harmful consequences† (2006). People can be addicted to drugs physically while people can be addicted to gambling psychologically. However, because the term â€Å"television addiction† is not precise and can be different in various situations, there are a variety of perspectives on television addiction. Nevertheless, the criteria of substance dependence, which are defined by psychologists and psychiatrists formally, decide as an addiction if someone spends their time using the substance too much, tries to use more than one’s intended amount, gives up to do social, family or occupational activities, more important thing than using it, and shows withdrawal symptoms when one stops using it (Kubey and Csikszentmihalyi, 2002). These phenomena are shown on television addicts as well. Because of the desire to watch TV, people who call themselves an addict appear to have all of these phenomena. Therefore, desire to watch television continuously can tell that it is obviously an â€Å"addiction.† Media has warned the impact of television, especially the impact of television to children. It is very unhealthy to children because children are in the progress of developing their brain and body. According to Dr. Young’s assertion, â€Å"All of the most crucial brain development of a child occurs before age 4.†(Morello, 2002, p.44). Hence, the effect from television addiction can lead children to become passive and try not to think creatively. Like this, it would affect in a variety of ways not only in childhood but also in the child’s entire life. First of all, the impact from television addiction is directly related to children’s attention span. A surprising fact is â€Å"Only 14 percent of teens who watch six or more hours of TV daily achieve reading proficiency by grade 12† (Daines, 2007). Somewhere you might hear that television is a strong stimulus clog. This is because television contains a great deal of â€Å"rapid-fire stimulation.† (Morello, 2002, p.44). Therefore, their brain would be trained by this level of stimulation. If they do not see enough of this level of stimulation, they are unable to be affected by the stimulation and they try to find more extreme stimulation for them. Finally, children cannot concentrate on something longer. In contrast, if children are interested in playing sports, games and crayons, they can improve cognitive abilities and develop crucial thinking (Daines, 2007). Secondly, the time for being with family and interacting with friends will be shortened. As society becomes modernized, all of family members become busy, so they can be together in only dinner time. However, television even makes this time shortened. When the TV is turned on, the family’s eyes would glue to the TV without expression, so that they will not chat with their story. Furthermore, studies show that the more TV preschoolers watch, the less well socialized they are in the first grade (Daines, 2007). This is because they spend their time watching instead of playing with friends. Thirdly, the biggest problem is the obesity. Children obesity is getting a bigger issue. Television addiction is a lot involved in this issue as well. Have you ever heard of â€Å"couch potatoes?† This word came from the expression of the person who always lies in the couch and watches TV. Likewise, think about the situation when you are watching television. What are you doing? You might be eating a snack. That is the key point of becoming obesity. There is the statistics related to this fact in TV and the Internet: Fattening for Teens? Dr, Susanna Kautiainen and colleagues at the University of Tampere, Finland surveyed a nationally representative sample of 721 teens 14 to 18 years of age to see if the time they spent on the Internet was tied to obesity or overweight. The result was that those who spent more time watching TV were more often overweight and obese than those who spent less time watching TV. The time without moving makes people obesity and overweight (2004). Fourthly, watching TV without caution can become children’s guideline how to grow. That means TV can ruin the childhood as a certain period in human development. If children constantly are exposed by TV’s harmful situations such as sex and violence, they take it granted that it is not a problem to live a fast life in youth and to kill people for justice. This is because children are not satisfying their knowledge to distinguish from this destructive aspect of television (Video Age International, 2001, pp. 2-3). If you unguardedly let children watch TV, it could lead children to fail in childhood. Then, why are we addicted to television? The origin of the addiction arises from â€Å"boredom,† and television can supply your demand. As soon as you turn on the TV, you can directly feel relaxed and cozy. However, according to electroencephalograph (EEG) studies which are laboratory experiments to monitor the brain waves, skin resistance or heart rate of people watching television, the result is astonishing. When participants turn off the TV, their feeling of relaxation and coziness suddenly disappears while the feeling of passiveness and lowered alertness continue. After participants turn off the TV, they somehow feel television makes their energy dry up and they are hard to concentrate compared to before. In contrast, participants can feel happy and improvement in mood after playing sport (Kubey and Csikszentimihalyi, 2002). Moreover, in â€Å"Television Anonymous† (2001), â€Å"Noise† and â€Å"Companionship† can be the reason why people are addicted as well. Then, what kinds of solution to get over television addiction? There are a lot of alternatives. However, above all, recognizing your habit and accepting is a top priority. After this, firstly set time limits. It should not watch more than two hours on qualified TV program. Also, under three year children should not be in front of TV because â€Å"the first two to three years of life are critical periods for the development of young children’s brains.†(Christakis, 2004) Secondly, this is the most important thing. Television should not be placed in children’s bedroom. Thirdly, put the TV and remote control which could not come into sight. Fourthly, do not use the TV to look after baby. Instead, do household chores with children and give them an opportunity to help. Fifthly, listen to favorite music or the radio as background noise. Lastly, set a good example. Because parents and guardians are usually a child’s most important role model, limiting your own TV viewing and choosing programs carefully through the lives of TV characters (Daines, 2007). In conclusion, the desire which wants to watch TV definitely should be seen as addiction. Nowadays, television addiction is becoming a big issue. The amount of time people viewing TV on average cannot say it is not the astonishing fact. I am sure that the number of television addicts is gradually increasing. Therefore, people should make an effort to diffuse the fact that the amount of television addict is increasing and it is really bad for children because television addiction have an opportunity to shorten children’s attention span, to narrow time with family and friends, to result in obesity, and to be a guideline during development. Therefore, keeping watching television incautiously should be reconsidered.

Albert Camus :: essays research papers

Albert Camus is one of the most renowned authors in the twentieth century. With works such as Caligula, The Stranger, Nuptials, and The Plague, he has impacted the world of literature to a great extent. This great success was not just "given" to him "on a silver platter" however. He endured many hardships and was plagued with great illness in his short life. Camus is a great role model and idol for us all. 	Camus was born into poverty on November 2, 1913 in Mondovi, Algeria (a former French colony in Africa). His mother, Catherine Sintes, was a cleaning woman, and his father, Lucien Camus, was a farmhand. Only a few months old, Albert lost his father in the horrors of World War I in 1914. After the loss of his father, him, his brother and his mother moved in to his grandmother's three-bedroom apartment with his two uncles. The only way Albert "escaped" from this harsh reality was on the beaches of Algiers. At the age of fourteen, Camus was diagnosed with the first stages of tuberculosis. This disease plagued him for the rest of his life. At age seventeen, Albert moved in with his uncle by marriage, Gustave Acault, who provided Albert with a better environment as well as an actual father figure. After enduring the hardships of his childhood, Camus began writing at age seventeen. 	Camus wrote many influential works and gained much success, starting at age seventeen, when he decided to strive to become a writer. Albert's first "literary experience" was gained as a member of the "North African Literary Group." By 1932, he was writing articles for the magazine entitled Sud. Albert entered the University of Algiers on scholarships in this same year. As an art critic, he wrote articles for the newspaper Alger-Etudiant in 1934. In the same year he married Simon Hie who was wealthy but was plagued with a drug addiction. This marriage only lasted for about two years. After earning a degree in 1935, Camus was awarded the diplome d'etudes superieures with his thesis "Christian Metaphysics and Neoplatonism." In 1934 he became a member of the Communist Party, but this only lasted until 1937. Albert was also a successful journalist, writing for the Alger Republicain, the Paris-Soir, and the Combat. On December 3,1940, Albert Camus marr ied for the second time to Francine Fautre. After all of this success, some fabulous works followed.

Dell’s Supply Chain Management Essay

The term supply chain management (SCM) was initially used in wholesaling and retailing to denote the integration of logistics and physical distribution functions with the goal of reducing delivery lead times. Manufacturers and service providers have used the same term to describe integration and partnership efforts with first- and second- tier suppliers to reduce cost and improve quality and delivery timing. Terms such as integrated purchasing strategy, integrated logistics, supplier integration, value chain management, supply base management, strategic supplier alliances, lean production, Just-In-Time (JIT) logistics, and supply chain synchronization have been used in the literature to address certain elements or stages of this new management philosophy (1998; 1994). Conceptually, SCM includes all value-adding activities from the extraction of raw materials through the transformation processes and through delivery to the end user. SCM spans organizational boundaries and treats the organizations within the value chain as a unified virtual business entity (1991; 1995). (1995) further expanded SCM to include recycling or reuse activities. In general, SCM seeks improved performance through elimination of waste and better use of internal and external supplier capabilities and technologies (1996). The retailing industry has focused on different aspects of SCM, namely, location, transportation, and logistics issues. Indeed, the origin of supply chain management can be traced back to efforts to better manage the transportation and logistics functions (1997; 1995; 1994; 1993; 1991; 1987). The wholesaling and retailing industries incorporate a logistics focus within their strategic decisions. In this respect, SCM is synonymous with integrated logistics systems that control the movement of goods from the suppliers to end customers without waste (1991). Moreover, integrated logistics systems seek to manage inventories through close relationships with suppliers and transportation, distribution, and delivery services. A goal is to replace inventory with frequent communication and sophisticated information systems to provide visibility and coordination. In this way, merchandise can be replenished quickly in small lot size and arrive where and when it is needed (1994; 1993). Firms that use advanced process technology to increase flexibility and involve manufacturing managers in strategic decision making alter the role of logistics in firm success (1998). A supply chain can reduce overall inventory while maximizing customer service by efficiently redistributing stock within the supply chain using effective postponement and speculation strategies (1998; 1993; 1991). New logistics technology gives businesses a complex way to make things easier for their customers and suppliers. Within logistics industry, Dell’s system is recognized as one that takes advantage of technology to decrease storage and increase efficiency. The computer company’s supply and shipping networks exemplify the latest trend in logistics, that is, visibility. Companies with the money and foresight are making sure their inventories can be traced and tracked throughout their entire logistical operations, even if their systems are entirely outsourced. Executing a supply chain with full visibility gives companies better information to work with and a more agile system. Dell has a better control of their operation which has reduced safety stocks and has operate faster to get cash-to-cash conversion cycles. By producing custom products at a rapid pace, the computer manufacturer receives payments from customer before it pays suppliers. Companies can do this only if there’s a short window between receiving an order and shipping it. In addition, Dell’s customers can also keep track of their order status. They can trace their computer as is moves through assembly and testing, and can track its shipment due to the technology of major shipping companies. The pulse of Dell’s execution effort centers on increasing business velocity and eliminating waste. Dell employees are constantly focused on driving down backlogs, promoting best practices, and creating synergies among adjacent processes as seen in cross-functional initiatives such as the design-for-manufacturability effort between manufacturing and R&D. This initiative successfully promoted product designs that are easier to assemble. In 1994, Dell was a struggling second-tier PC maker. Like many others, the company ordered its components in advance and manufactured to inventory. Then Dell began to implement a new business model. It converted its operations to a build-to-order process, eliminated its inventories through a just-in-time system, and sold its products directly to consumers. Dell carefully targeted corporate relationship customers that had predictable, budgeted needs and that wanted a pre-determined set of product models. The company also selected individual customers who were high-end, repeat purchasers with a preference for early technology adoption. Both account segments had the stable, predictable purchase patterns that Dell needed to make its joint build-product-to-order/buy-component-to-plan system work. In connection with this, Dell developed a set of new operations capabilities in five crucial areas (2005). First, it created the flawless make-to-order system that has been widely noted. Secondly, Dell worked at length to build an effective supplier management function in order to shorten component lead times and maintain the absolute quality standards required by the just-in-time operation. Third, Dell developed the â€Å"sell what you have† system that was essential to matching supply and demand. Fourth, it instituted an extraordinarily crisp set of product life cycle management capabilities that yielded great cost reductions and strategic advantage. Fifth, the company worked with its suppliers to shorten their product life cycles, extending the Dell business model to the whole channel. Together these operating capabilities formed a cornerstone for Dell’s business model. Moreover, to maintain its rapid growth, Dell needs to hone its just-in-time process. Dell believes that the key to JIT is integrating with the suppliers into its operation. It is important for the company to work with the suppliers to figure out how to minimize the supply chain and hold the least amount of inventory in it. Inventory can add costs, damage quality, slow production, and wreak havoc with Dell’s rapid response reputation. To guard against this, Dell has optimized its supply base and developed a tightly run system in which it â€Å"pulls† parts from suppliers just as they are needed for production. Dell has manufacturing facilities in Austin; Limerick, Ireland; and Penang, Malaysia, each of which produces PCs on a JIT basis. In order to ensure the smooth flow of production supplies into these plants, Dell has developed a two-tiered strategy that employs different sourcing arrangements and delivery schedules for custom and commodity parts. When Dell receives an order for a PC, it faxes or phones its requirements to suppliers who pick the proper parts and pack them in reusable bins with kanban cards attached. Trucks on a continuous loop between suppliers and Dell, known as a â€Å"milk run,† deliver the sorted parts to the computer maker’s plant for final assembly. This process frees Dell from having to manage inventories and the costs associated with them. However, Dell has made efforts to ensure that suppliers don’t get stuck with much inventory. The computer maker allows suppliers to participate in a â€Å"revolver program,† where they can sell parts stored at the warehouse to other customers. In comparison with Dell’s supply chain management, Baxter, a hospital supply company, developed a powerful new type of partnership with its hospital customers. Baxter develops a strategy which is the vendor-managed inventory system, then called the Stockless System in managing its customer’s inventories within their hospital facilities (2001). The hospital specifies its stock requirements for each ward; an on-site Baxter employee counts the stock in each ward each day or every few days; the employee enters this information into a hand-held device and transmits it to Baxter’s warehouse, where a replenishment order is derived; at the warehouse, the order is picked into ward-specific containers; that order is delivered the next day or in a few days directly to the ward, and the Baxter employee puts the stock away; finally, Baxter invoices the hospital. Baxter’s Stockless System created a powerful new channel that changed the ground rules for all other hospita l supply companies. However, in the long run, the shift to service competition led to significant sales increases as conversions to Baxter products naturally occurred. The company also gained significant first-mover advantage as it tied up key accounts with this new channel. In the case of Procter and Gamble (P&G), the company first partnered with Wal-Mart to develop a pioneering continuous replenishment system. Through this system, P&G replenishes Wal-Mart’s facilities without purchase orders based on the retailer’s product movement data. Based on this experience, P&G systematically shifted its strategic focus toward supply chain-based service innovation–and in the process transformed both the consumer products and retail industries. P&G also developed a careful account selection plan as part of an innovative product supply model. The company developed operating partnerships with major customers capable of linking electronically, taking full-truckload deliveries, and engaging in joint business process reorganization programs. Smaller accounts were shifted to master distributors, which in turn were selected for their ability to partner effectively with P&G. P&G, for its part, developed operations capabilities in two key areas ( 2001). First, it created a sweeping new set of industry-change programs such as ECR (efficient consumer response), CRP (customer requirements planning), and streamlined logistics. These programs required a solid new understanding of channel economics and the impact of supply chain innovation. Second, the company developed sophisticated IT ties to coordinate its product flow, enabling it to raise service levels to meet the needs of the new system. With regards with Dell’s, supply chain competency of the company comprises of four qualities which includes demand management, internal collaboration, leveraging partners, and financial fundamentals (2004). Dell’s direct model enables the company to excel at demand management. The process of selling directly to customers and building product to order creates opportunities for true real-time collaboration and synchronization between manufacturing and sales. By being in direct contact with the market, Dell can quickly see changes in customer demand. Synchronization allows Dell to respond more quickly to customer demand than its competitors can. Additionally, this true internal collaboration allows for highly accurate forecasts. Another key aspect of Dell’s success is its ability to collaborate internally. This competency is driven by a culture that values information sharing and empowers all employees. At Dell, â€Å"direct† refers not only to how the company sells but also to how team members communicate and attack issues (2004). Moreover, Dell’s culture and processes not only help the company collaborate internally but also help it leverage its business partners. Dell leverages its partners by linking suppliers’ planning and execution activities with Dell’s systems. The company uses information technology to gather and share a constant stream of data on supply and demand trends. On the supply side, Dell gathers real-time information about the inventory levels of its suppliers at various positions in the supply chain. Finally, Dell’s entire supply chain is focused on fundamental business performance. Operating margin and not just profits or growth rate is the number that Dell cares about most to ensure long-term profitability. Dell Inc.’s renowned direct sales model is regularly cited as the key reason for its overall competitive prowess. At Dell, supply chain management is truly viewed as a strategic capability; it drives coordination with, and in many instances it includes, activities such as marketing, sales, finance, and information technology.

English Literature And World War I Frances Dewey

Advanced English: Literature and World War I Frances Dewey Synthesis Paper #2 March 6, 2016 Time In Regeneration and Disabled, Pat Barker and Wilfred Owen explore how war affects the individual. Barker and Owen chronicle the lives of soldiers who suffer from physical, emotional and mental trauma from the war. These two writers honest, realistic depictions of soldiers suffering reveal the incredible costs of war. Barker and Owen show how memories of the war hinder soldiers ability to live in the present and drastically transform the way they experience the world. Barker reveals how the past disrupts soldiers existence in the present. During a conversation with Rivers, Sassoon details the disturbing content of his†¦show more content†¦Sassoon s nightmares and hallucinations not only represent the violent, traumatic nature of the war experience, but also reveal how soldiers are unable to escape the horrors of war. Barker exposes how the past shapes the way soldiers experience and understand the world. During a walk on the beach, Rivers and Burns encounter the remains o f gutted fish. Burns has a troubling reaction: But Burns had stopped dead in his tracks and was staring at the heads, with his mouth working. As Rivers watched, he jerked his head back, the same movement that had been so common when he first arrived at Craiglockhart (176). At the sight of gutted fish, Burns is reminded of the horrors of war. Burns’ visceral physical reaction to the gutted fish reveals not only how much the war traumatized him, but also how much the past still rules him. Burns stops dead in his tracks with his mouth working. Burns experiences the same movement that had been so common when he first arrived at Craiglockhart. In this brief moment, Burns is suddenly pulled back to his experiences on the battlefield. Burns’ view of the world is completely changed because of his war experience; he sees the world through a different lens, one that has witnessed violence and brutality unimaginable to many. Whilst on a date with Sarah, Prior has a sad realizatio n: She belonged with the pleasure-seeking crowds. He both envied and despised her, and was quite coldly determined to get her. They owed